Lecture 12 (16) Flashcards
What are risk factors for obesity?
Breed Gender Neutering Diet Age Environment Activity Owner diet and lifestyle Medication Diseases Microbiome
What are dietary management aims?
To supply adequate energy and nutrients Limit further damage Prevent or minimise metabolic complications Limit need for medications Ensure a good quality of life
Facts about pet food
Has to be fit for human consumption
Commercial food has a lower risk of parasitic/bacterial infections than raw food
Dogs (and cats) can survive on a raw food diet only
Raw food leads to a different microbiota in the gut than commercial diets
Explain the impacts on joint disease
90% of dogs over 5
61% of cats over 6
Increased risk of joint disease from obesity and increases with age
-90% of cats over 12 have joint degeneration
What are the clinical signs of joint disease?
Exercise intolerance/reduced activity Weight loss Anorexia Depression Lack of grooming Hesitant to jump/climb Lameness Soiling (if unable to use the tray)
What diet should be given to help joint disease?
Omega-3 EFA -reduces inflammation Glucosamine and chondroitin -supports joint structure Moderate energy restriction
What are the clinical signs of feline lower urinary tract infections?
Blood in urine
Painful or difficulty urinating
Slow painful urination caused by muscular spasms
More frequent urination
Inappropriate urination in house pets
Partial or complete urethral obstruction- by bladder stones
Inflammation of the bladder
How are feline bladder stones formed/influenced?
Extent of renal excretion of crystalloid
Urine PH
Urine Temperature
Presence of promoters of crystallisation (dead cells, protein, bacteria)
How are canine bladder stones/uroliths formed/influenced?
Breed Diet Age Sex Anatomic abnormalities UTI Medications
What dietary modifications are needed for liver disease?
Malnutrition is common
Nutritional support is needed
Increased energy requirements ideally fats as easy to breakdown
Highly digestible proteins
Avoid carbohydrates as can cause hypo/hyper glycaemia
What is renal disease?
Functional nephrons are replaced by inflammation and scar tissue- useless for filtration
Irreversible
Only detectable when 75% of nephrons are destroyed
What are the clinical signs of renal failure?
Generally non-specific Loss of weight Anorexia Polydipsia (thirst) Polyuria (frequent urination) High blood pressure More frequent urination High protein concentration in urine
Management of cardiovascular disease
Often a need to lose weight Rapid weight loss Restrict sodium Supplement potassium Restrict protein- only high quality Taurine
What is hyperthyroidism?
Overactive thyroid glands
Increased production of thyroid hormones
Iodine fuels the thyroid gland
Limit iodine intake
Increase water intake
Moderate/increase sodium
Restrict magnesium
What are food intolerances?
Dietary hypersensitivity
Immune response to ingested allergens
Most commonly implicated are meat
Must eliminate the problem from the diet
Replace with a different protein
Hypo-allergenic diets
