Lecture 15 - Circulation Flashcards
As you move further from the heart, the pulse pressure changes how? Why? What is a good example of this?
- WIDENS (increased difference between systole & diastole)
- COMPLIANCE DECREASES as you move further from heart - Left $ right arm – right arm has lower diastolic and higher systolic pressure because it is further from the heart
How is the diastolic pressure of the Aorta as compared to the Left Ventricle?
HIGHER in Aorta (more compliant)
- thus velocity is converted to pressure - recoil of the aorta
Mean arterial pressure is determined ore by systolic than diastolic pressure. True or False?
FALSE
- diastolic pressure determines MEAN arterial pressure
Why is systolic pressure higher & diastolic pressure lower in the arteries as compared to aorta?
Arteries are less compliant
- compliance decreases as you go further from the heart
Where is there NO PULSE PRESSURE?
Capillaries & veins
As vessels get less compliant (stiffer), how is the pulse pressure affected?
INCREASES (widens)
What drives blood forward if systolic pressure is higher downstream?
MEAN ARTERIAL pressure declines (energy declining)
- so the pressure gradient is created again
What type of hypertension is common in younger people? Older people?
Younger - DIASTOLIC hypertension
Older - Systolic
Which ventricle generates 5 times higher pressure?
LEFT VENTRICLE
Due to the elasticity of the Aorta & after load of the arterial BP
- more energy
- ventricle hypertrophies slightly due to the pressure
The incisura/ or high frequency component, is dampened where?
FURTHER from heart
How are the following affected as you move further from the heart:
- Incisura
- Systolic Peak
- Diastolic Hump
- Dampens peak
- Systolic peak INCREASED
- LATE DIastolic hump
What are 3 causes for alterations in pressure profiles? What is the main reason?
- Reflection at branch points - flow hits branch pt. & they summate
= wave hits wall & peak is HIGHER - Vascular Tapering - forces fluid into a narrow opening, increasing pressure
- DECREASE IN ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE
= MAIN REASON!!
What is atherosclerosis?
ATHEROSCLOROSIS: hardening of the arteries, compliance of the vessels is decreasing
Which vessel has the highest amount of elasticity?
AORTA
Which vessels: arteries or veins, have strong connective tissue?
VEINS
What cells provide protective lining & release local transmitters like NO?
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
- if damaged = inflammation to rest of arterial wall
- stents: put in to prevent further endothelial damage
What are all blood vessels & lymphatic vessels lined with?
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
What are the 3 layers of both arteries and veins?
- Tunica Intima
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Adventitia