Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FHB Exam 1 - Cardiovascular Physiology > Cutaneous & Splanchnic Circulation > Flashcards

Cutaneous & Splanchnic Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How is skin blood flow regulated? (it is unlike the other systems for this reason)

A

NEURAL CONTROL!!!

Sympathetics, not metabolic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MAIN purpose of cutaneous circulation? (blood flow to the skin)

A

Temp regulation!!!

-maintain constant temp via vasodilation/constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The cutaneous circulation is more efficient at preventing heat loss rather than promoting heat loss.

True or False?

A

FALSE!

Better at promoting heat loss via vasodilation of cutaneous vessels

  • we acclimatize better to heat than cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the following colors signify in circulation or oxygen content of blood?

  1. Pale
  2. Cyanotic
  3. Reddish
  4. Bright Pink
A
  1. LOW BLOOD FLOW
  2. Desaturated Hemoglobin (low O2)
  3. Saturated Hb w/ O2
  4. CO poisoning (carbon monoxide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does the skin appear red in cold climates, even though blood flow is LOW due to vasoconstriction?

A

Low temp = skin DECREASES O2 dissociation!

  • less O2 unloaded from Hb
    = more saturated with O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What color does Oxyhemoglobin give the skin?

A

RED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 types of resistance vessels in the skin? What type of mechanism controls their resistance?

A
  1. Arterioles -
    a) SYMPATHETIC
    b) Local regulatory
  2. Arteriovenous Anastomoses (AV)
    - bypasses capillary beds

a) SYMPATHETIC CONTROL ONLY
- no basal (non-neural tone)
- no metabolic
- no reactive hyperemia
- no autoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What parts of the body contain Apical Skin?

Name the 2 most important qualities of Apical skin:

A

Ears, nose, lips, fingertips, hands, feet,

  1. Large surfave-tovolume ratio to favor HEAT LOSS
  2. AV Anastomoses called GLOMUS bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of glomus bodies?

A

HEAT LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 features present in Non-Apical Skin that areNOT found in Apical skin?

A
  1. No AV Anastomoses (almost)

2. Sympathetic CHOLINERGIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does the skin appear paper white during hypovolemic shock?

A

Due to VASOCONSTRICTION of the skin

  • shunting blood to brain,lungs, heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What innervation does Apical Skin receive? Non-Apical?

A
  1. Sympathetic adrenergic
  • at rest = vasoconstriction
    (withdraw sympathetics = passive vasodilation)
  1. Sympathetic CHOLINERGIC - vasodilate via Bradykinin

& Adrenergic via NE (vasoconstrict)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The release of BRADYKININ is dependent on what?

Where is this released (which type of skin)?

Does this cause vasoconstriction or dilation?

A
  1. SWEAT -DEPENDENT
  2. Non-APical (not ears,nose, lips, fingertips, hands, or feet)
  3. Vasodilation!!!
    - cholinergic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

There are glomus bodies & AV anastomoses in Non-Apical skin. True or False?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What provides temperature regulation of the skin?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to sympathetic control with increases in temp?

A

WITHDRAW sympathetic activity

  • passive vasodilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do cutaneous vessels contribute a large amount to total peripheral resistance & BP?

A

NO!!!

  • flow in skin is only 5-10% of CO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were to happen if you were shot in Iraq, or another hot temperature climate? (decrease in BP)

A

Baroreceptor VASOCONSTRICTION would have little affect on BP due to the reflexive VASODILATION caused by warmer temps

-BP is not well maintained in warm temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When is LOW blood flow not well maintained? How does this compare to HIGH BP?

A

At HIGHER temps

  • High BP causes withdrawal of sympathetics (little affect on skin blood flow since apical vessels already dilated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What freezes first?

  1. Smaller or larger vasculature
  2. Venous or Arterial System
A
  1. Smaller

2. Venous (low flow rates)

21
Q

If you exercise & are dehydrated, what happens to body temp?

A

HYPERTHERMIC

  • cannot dissipate more heat

(occurs quickly if you are dehydrated since less sweat produced)

22
Q

What is the primary regulator of the cutaneous system?

A

SYMPATHETIC nervous system via the hypothalamus

23
Q

What happens to cutaneous flow with exercise?

A
  1. Sympathetic stimulation vasoconstrictor to shunt blood to skeletal muscle
    - Internal metabolic HEAT PRODUCTION causes cutaneous vasodilation!
24
Q

What wins out with cutaneous exercise? Sympathetic Vasoconstriction or Vasodilation?

Does flow continuously increase in skin with increased exercise?

A

VASODILATION

  • flow only increases to a LIMIT
  • only small increases in flow w/ increasing internal temp
25
Q

What artery provides blood to the stomach, spleen, and pancreas?

TO the intestines? (2)

A
  1. Celiac
  2. SMA
  3. IMA
26
Q

What is the function of arterial & venous blood in SPLANCHNIC circulation?

A

Arterial = brings O2 & metabolic substrates

Venous = picks up O2 and NUTRIENTS absorbed from intestine

27
Q

What happens if the venous system backs up into the abdominal region? (due to increased hydrostatic pressure)

A

ASCITES!

28
Q

What is a distinguishing factor in the organization of the arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the intestinal lumen?
How does this affect Arteriole Osmolarity?

What is this phenomenon called?

THINK DUCK FEET!

A
  1. Arterioles come up the villi and branch into capillaries which then converge into venues that carry blood back to the base of the villus
  • arterioles & venules run PARALLEL to each other so that solutes like Na can diffuse from:
    capillaries
    venules
    Arterioles
  • high Arteriole Osmolarity INCREASES FLOW!
    2. COUNTER CURRENT!
29
Q

Portal vein is located between 2 _______ ____.

A

Capillary beds!

30
Q

Which vessels collect blood from the liver and empty into the Vena Cava?

A

Hepatic Veins

31
Q

What vessel collects blood from capillary beds of intestine, stomach, pancreas, and spleen?

A

PORTAL VEIN

32
Q

What are 2 ways that Portal Hypertension can develop?

A
  1. Increased pressure in Vena Cava (CHF)

2. Increase RESISTANCE in Hepatic Veins
cirrosis, hepatitis B, C

33
Q

What can portal Hypertension lead to? (3)

A
  1. Abdominal Edema
  2. Ascites
  3. Esophogeal, Umbilical, & Rectal Varices
34
Q

What does an increase in arteriole osmolarity result in?

A

INCREASED FLOW & nutrient absorption

ex: eating

35
Q

Why is it possible to “bleed out” during hemorrhoids brought on by liver failure?

A

Lower amount of clotting factors due to liver damage

  • less ALBUMIN
36
Q

High after load on the RIGHT ventricle is a result of what pathological condition? If this progresses into Liver Cirrhosis, what is a second pathological condition that arises?

A

PULMONARY Hypertension

  • can lead to PORTAL HYPERTENSION

& Ascites & Varices

37
Q

Which vessels regulate Hydrostatic Pressure?

  1. Arteries
  2. veins
  3. Capillaries
A

VEINS!

  • less resistance (no auto regulation)
38
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Anything that damages the liver

39
Q

What are 3 ways that intestinal blood flow is regulated?

A
  1. Local Factors (mechanical & metabolic)
  2. Hormonal
  3. Neural
40
Q

What is the affect of an increase in metabolism on the following:

O2 content
Metabolites

Does this cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

A
  1. O2 decreases
  2. metabolites increase

VASODILATION

41
Q

During intestinal contractions, what happens to blood flow?

A

DECREASES due to compression of vessels (like in the heart)

42
Q

Intestine does not exhibit auto regulation. True or False

A

FALSE!

Moderate Autoregulation from METABOLITES

(adenosine, CO2, H+, K+)

43
Q

What are 2 HORMONES that are important in digestion? DO they cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?

A
  1. Cholesystokinin
  2. Neurotensin
    - increase flow via VASODILATION
44
Q

What is the major NEURAL control in the splanchnic circulation? What is the only exception?

A

Post-Ganglionic SYmpathetic VASOCONSTRICTION

  • except the capillaries
45
Q

What INDIRECTLY stimulates intestinal blood flow by stimulating intestinal motility and glandular secretions, increasing metabolism?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY

= indirect affect

46
Q

What is Postprandial Hyperemia?

A

Increased flow after eating

food ingestion increases intestinal flow through 1. Metabolic/mechanic 2. Neural 3. Hormonal influences

47
Q

What intestinal lumen contents increase the magnitude of blood flow?

A

FATS & Carbs!

  • induce hyperemia
48
Q

What is the affect of peristalsis?

A

Increase metabolic activity and thus FLOW in the gut

49
Q

How can ischemic bowel develop after prolonged hemorrhage?

A

Vasoconstriction of the blood traveling to the Gut!

  • shunted to heart, brain, lungs

FHB Exam 1 - Cardiovascular Physiology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions