Lecture 15: Adult Acquired Language Disorders

Question 1

“aphasia is an impairment due to acquired and recent damage of the ___, of the ability to comprehend and formulate ___”

Answer 1

central nervous system; language

Question 2

“[aphasia] is a multimodality disorder represented by a variety of impairments in 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___”

Answer 2

1. auditory comprehension
2. reading
3. oral-expressive language
4. writing

Question 3

true or false: aphasia may be explained by dementia, sensory loss, or motor dysfunction

Answer 3

false, it cannot

Question 4

aphasia is the result of ___ damage to the ___, usually due to interrupted blood flow (aka ischemia)

Answer 4

focal; cerebral cortex

Question 5

which cause of cerebrovascular accident (aka CVA or stroke) is described by the following: rupture of a brain vessel

Answer 5

hemorrhage

Question 6

re: CVA hemorrhage

aneurysm : blood vessel hurts at weak part of wall :: ___ : abnormal connection between veins and arteries

Answer 6

arteriovenous malformation (AVM); may lead to aneurysm

Question 7

which cause of cerebrovascular accident (aka CVA or stroke) is described by the following: may be benign or malignant; affects speech-language and behaviors as structures of the brain experience invasion and pressure

Answer 7

neoplasm (aka tumor)

Question 8

which cause of cerebrovascular accident (aka CVA or stroke) is described by the following: blocking blood flow through an artery

Answer 8

occlusive mechanisms

Question 9

re: CVA occlusive mechanisms

___ : thickening-hardening of arterial wall :: thrombus : blood clot :: embolism : ___

Answer 9

arteriosclerosis; blockage of artery via embolus (aka particles or debris in the bloodstream)

Question 10

expressive vs receptive and fluent vs confluent are ___ classifications

Answer 10

dichotomous

Question 11

which of the boston classification system has lesions in the frontal operculum* extending to subcortical white matter and adjacent cortical regions of the frontal lobe

Answer 11

broca’s aphasia

Question 12

which of the boston classification system is characterized by confluent, reduced verbal output, increase effort speaking, dysprosody, and agrammatism (omission of grammatical functor words); apraxia of speech often co-occurs; usually right sided limb weakness

Answer 12

broca’s aphasia

Question 13

which of the boston classification system has lesions in the posterior superior temporal gyrus; damage to the supramarginal and angular gyrus

Answer 13

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 14

which of the boston classification system is characterized by fluent aphasia, paraphasic speech, difficulty with auditory comprehension

Answer 14

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 15

which of the boston classification system has lesions in the arcuate fasciculus, supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex, and posterior superior temporal gyrus

Answer 15

conduction aphasia

Question 16

which of the boston classification system is characterized by fluent aphasia, disproportionately poor repetition, frequent phonemic paraphasias, good auditory comprehension

Answer 16

conduction aphasia

Question 17

which of the boston classification system has lesions involving the perisylvian language zone

Answer 17

global aphasia

Question 18

which of the boston classification system is characterized by severe expressive and receptive aphasia, nonfluent, few spoken words or recurrent / non words spoken with appropriate inflection

Answer 18

global aphasia

Question 19

which of the boston classification system has lesions involving the outside-border of the perisylvian language zones and the middle cerebral artery

Answer 19

transcortical aphasia

Question 20

which of the transcortical aphasias is characterized by very good repetition

Answer 20

transcortical motor aphasia

Question 21

true or false: transcortical aphasias can be motor, sensory, and mixed

Answer 21

true

Question 22

which of the boston classification system has lesions involving the angular gyrus

Answer 22

anomic aphasia

Question 23

which of the boston classification system is characterized by good receptive and expressive abilities, word finding difficulties, and fluent aphasia

Answer 23

anomic aphasia

Question 24

subcortical aphasias are ___ (common, uncommon) and have lesions in the thalamus and ___

Answer 24

uncommon; basal ganglia

Question 25

reading problems : aphasia with ___ :: writing problems : aphasia with agraphia

Answer 25

alexia

Question 26

name of the rare disorder involving lesions in the posterior cerebral artery and damage to the left dominant occipital lobe and the splenium

Answer 26

alexia without agraphia (inability to read but can still write)

Question 27

name of the disorder involving lesions in the dominant left inferior parietal lobe (usually involving the angular gyrus); aphasia presents mildly

Answer 27

alexia with agraphia (reading and writing difficulties)

Question 28

deficits in comprehending nonliteral language, deficits in interpreting inferences, and deficits in attention are communication impairments seen in the ___ (left, right) hemisphere

Answer 28

right

Question 29

egocentric, off-target, or disorganized discourse is attributed to ___ (left, right) hemisphere damage

Answer 29

right

Question 30

the name of the condition where one has difficulty comprehending or producing prosodic aspects of speech; associated with right hemisphere damage

Answer 30

aprosodia

Question 31

dementia is “an acquired persistent impairment of intellectual function” affecting at least ___ of the following “spheres of mental activity: language, memory, visuospatial skills, emotion or personality, cognition”

Answer 31

three

Question 32

the ___ sphere of mental activity in dementia encompasses: abstraction, judgement, executive function

Answer 32

cognition

Question 33

which classification of dementia includes dementia of the alzheimer’s type (DAT) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)

Answer 33

cortical dementias

Question 34

dementia of the alzheimer’s type (DAT) : memory problems and deteriorating language skills :: ___ dementia (FTD) : degeneration of frontal-temporal lobes

Answer 34

frontotemporal dementia (FTD); memory is more intact than in DAT

Question 35

which classification of dementia includes: confluent progressive aphasia, semantic aphasia, logopenic demetia

Answer 35

primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

Question 36

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by agrammatism, apraxia of speech, impaired syntax comprehension, spared single-word comprehension, and spared object knowledge

Answer 36

nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA)

Question 37

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by impaired confrontation naming, impaired single-word comprehension, impaired object knowledge, slight dysgraphia, spared repetition, and spared motor speech

Answer 37

semantic dementia (SD)

Question 38

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by impaired single-word retrieval , impaired repetition of sentences and phrases, phonologic errors, spared single-word comprehension, spared object knowledge, spared motor speech

Answer 38

logopenic aphasia (LPA)

Question 39

which classification of dementia can pair with extrapyramidal syndromes (park’s and hunt’s), be due to white matter diseases, or result from vascular diseases

Answer 39

subcortical dementia

Question 40

expressed agrammatism : nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA) :: absence of agrammatism : ___

Answer 40

logophenic aphasia (LPA)

Question 41

which two primary progressive aphasias present with spared single-word comprehension and spared object knowledge and which primary progressive aphasia presents with impaired single-word comprehension and impaired object knowledge

Answer 41

spared: nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA) and logophenic aphasia (LPA)
impaired: semantic dementia (SD)

Question 42

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has degeneration beginning in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, premotor and supplementary motor areas

Answer 42

nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA)

Question 43

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has degeneration beginning in the left anterior temporal lobes

Answer 43

semantic dementia (SD)

Question 44

which primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has degeneration beginning in the posterior temporal gyrus, supra marginal gyrus, and angular gyrus

Answer 44

logopenic aphasia (LPA)

Question 45

*know that aphasia is due to ___

Answer 45

focal damage to the cerebral cortex

Question 46

*know that aphasia can occasionally be due to lesions in the ___ or the ___

Answer 46

thalamus; basal ganglia

Question 47

*know that alexia without agraphia comes from ___

Answer 47

a PCA stroke involving the left dominant occipital lobe and splenium

Question 48

*know that alexia with agraphia is usually due to ___

Answer 48

lesions in the dominant inferior parietal lobe, usually involving the angular gyrus

Question 49

*know that ___ appear to be secondary to damage to regions of the right hemisphere responsible for other cognitive functions, such as attention

Answer 49

right hemisphere communication impairments

Question 50

*know that dementia can be due to ___ or ___ damage

Answer 50

cortical; subcortical

Question 51

*___ is a nonfluent aphasia like broca’s aphasia

Answer 51

nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA)

Question 52

*___ is a fluent aphasia characterized by a loft of semantic memory

Answer 52

semantic dementia (SD)

Question 53

*___ is between nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA) and semantic dementia (SD) in fluency and is characterized by a reduction in short term phonological memory

Answer 53

logopenic aphasia (LPA)