Lecture 14: Central Language Mechanisms & Learning

Question 1

name of the main neural region located on the left frontal lobe and anterior to the other main neural regions, as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing

Answer 1

broca’s area

Question 2

name of the main neural region located on the left parietal lobe and anterior to the angular gyrus, as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing

Answer 2

suprasegmental gyrus

Question 3

name of the main neural region located on the left parietal lobe and posterior to the supra marginal gyrus, as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing

Answer 3

angular gyrus

Question 4

name of the main neural region located on the left temporal lobe and (1) inferior to the supramarginal and angular gyri and (2) anterior to wernicke’s area, as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing

Answer 4

heschl’s gyrus

Question 5

name of the main neural region located on the left temporal lobe and (1) inferior to the supra marginal and angular gyri and (2) posterior to heschl’s gyrus, as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing

Answer 5

wernicke’s area

Question 6

list the main neural regions (clockwise) as described by the wernicke-geschwind model of language processing given a left lateral view of the brain and starting with broca’s area

Answer 6

broca’s area, supra marginal gyrus, angular gyrus, wernicke’s area, heschl’s gyrus

Question 7

the three parts of the wernicke-geschwind model of language include: (3)

Answer 7

auditory comprehension pathways, verbal expression pathways, and reading pathways

Question 8

the wernicke-geschwind model of language attempts to develop a ___ model of language on an ___ basis

Answer 8

psychological; anatomical

Question 9

explain the pathway of auditory processing using the wernicke-geshwind model of language processing (first, then)

Answer 9

first, heard words are processed via heschl’s gyrus for sound discrimination
then, that information is sent to wernicke’s area for word recognition and word meaning

Question 10

explain the pathway of verbal expression using the wernicke-geshwind model of language processing (first, then, last)

Answer 10

first, word meanings are sent from wernicke’s area to broca’s area
then, those words code into muscular movements of speech in broca’s area
last, output from broca’s area is sent to the primary motor cortex regions involving muscles of speech

Question 11

explain the pathway of reading using the wernicke-geshwind model of language processing (first, then)

Answer 11

first, the occipital lobe sends visual information (written words) to the angular gyrus
then, the angular gyrus recognizes the visual signal as a written word and associates it with its meaning

Question 12

major neurologic components of language are located in the ___ region

Answer 12

left perisylvian

Question 13

list the major components of the left perisylvian language zone (6)

Answer 13

broca’s area, arcuate fasciculus, angular gyrus, wernicke’s area, supramarginal gyrus, corpus callosum

Question 14

wernicke’s area : ___ regions :: broca’s area : motor output regions

Answer 14

auditory

Question 15

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in motor planning

Answer 15

broca’s area

Question 16

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in language processing (broca’s area) (2)

Answer 16

pars triangularis, pars orbitalis

Question 17

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in syntactic and phonological processing (broca’s area)

Answer 17

pars opercularis

Question 18

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in oral language comprehension

Answer 18

wernicke’s area

Question 19

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in formulation of linguistic concepts

Answer 19

wernicke’s area

Question 20

name of the major pathway connecting wernicke’s area to broca’s area

Answer 20

arcuate fasciculus

Question 21

angular gyrus lesions : alexias :: supramarginal gyrus lesions : ___

Answer 21

agraphias

Question 22

name of the portion of the perisylvian language zone involved in reading

Answer 22

angular gyrus

Question 23

forms of linguistic representation are stored in areas associated with ___

Answer 23

that modality of processing, e.g. motor representations are in motor regions whereas auditory representations are in auditory regions

Question 24

list functions of the right hemisphere (6)

Answer 24

visuospatial processing, visual perception, integrating incoming stimuli, comprehension and production of emotion in the face and voice, attending to the left side of space, attention (selecting, shifting)

Question 25

discourse production : to produce stories and referents :: discourse ___ : to draw conclusions

Answer 25

comprehension

*note: right hemisphere function, language

Question 26

lesions in the right hemisphere may result in ___ (in terms of language / pragmatics) (3)

Answer 26

difficulty conveying or interpreting intent, difficulty catching hints, difficulty determining relevant information

Question 27

expressive aprosodia : exhibits little modulation of vocal intonation :: : receptive aprosodia : ___

Answer 27

difficulty interpreting emotions or intentions in other people’s voice(s)

Question 28

lesions in the right hemisphere may result in ___ (in terms of social communication)

Answer 28

difficulty determining appropriateness of communication; person exhibits communication inappropriate for the situation and / or the communication partner

Question 29

*know that different forms of linguistic representation are stored in ___

Answer 29

areas associated with that modality of processing, e.g. motor representations in motor regions, auditory representations in auditory regions, etc.