Lecture 15+16 AI generated Flashcards
Describe the role of cephalic phase responses in the regulation of food intake.
Cephalic phase responses are physiological reactions to food-related sensory signals that prepare the digestive system for the intake of nutrients, influencing food intake regulation.
List three cephalic phase responses and their presumed functions.
- Oral cavity: saliva production for lubrication, protection, and digestion.
- Stomach: secretion of HCL, enzymes, and ghrelin to aid in food breakdown and appetite stimulation.
- Pancreas: release of insulin and digestive enzymes for glucose homeostasis and nutrient breakdown.
Discuss the timing of cephalic phase responses based on research findings.
Studies suggest that cephalic phase responses can vary in duration, with Teff’s work on insulin indicating a short-term effect and Mattes’ research on fat suggesting a longer-lasting impact.
Explain how cephalic phase responses contribute to nutritional homeostasis.
Cephalic phase responses help in preparing the body for nutrient intake, aiding in the regulation of food intake and contributing to maintaining a balance in nutrient levels for overall health.
Discuss the impact of various senses, palatability, and nutritional state on cephalic phase responses.
Factors like taste, smell, vision, palatability, and hunger/satiety levels can influence the magnitude and effectiveness of cephalic phase responses in preparing the body for food consumption.
Describe the cephalic phase response in relation to nutrition.
The cephalic phase response (CPR) is a neural-mediated response that prepares the gastrointestinal system for the intake of nutrients. It is predominantly a learned response based on associations between sensory signals and metabolic consequences.
What stimuli are optimal for eliciting the cephalic phase response?
Mixed nutrients in solid food are considered the optimal stimuli for eliciting the cephalic phase response.
How does distraction affect the satiety reaction in relation to the cephalic phase response?
Distraction can disrupt the satiety reaction that is initiated by the cephalic phase response.
Define the role of taste exposure in the cephalic phase response.
Taste exposure, especially to sour tastes, has a significant impact on the cephalic phase response, with higher deprivation and palatability leading to increased CPR.
What is the contribution of taste stimulation to nutritional homeostasis according to the content?
Taste stimulation, particularly sour tastes, plays a role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the blood through the cephalic phase response.
Describe the impact of different food textures on intake.
Harder and chewier foods typically result in lower intake compared to softer foods.
What is the effect of odor exposure on appetite?
Odor exposure may lead to sensory specific appetites, mirroring sensory specific satiety.
How does the thickness of a substance affect gastric emptying?
Thicker substances lead to slower gastric emptying compared to thinner substances.
Do liquids and fast foods bypass a certain system, potentially leading to overeating?
Yes, liquids and fast foods can bypass the normal satiety mechanisms, potentially leading to overeating.
