Lecture 14 - More on Population Coding Flashcards
How are nueral trajectiories calculated and what do they show? [2]
- Calculated by combining the population vector responses through time
- Predicts the movement 100ms in the future
What are neural prosthetics?
Devices that use information from neuronal activity to restore functions to parts of the brain that cannot perform anymore
What can be achieved by implanting electrodes into the motor cortex of monkeys?
- Readings of how population vecgtorrs contribute to movement
- Can control robotic limbs
What modulates the directionally tuned neurons in the primary motor cortex?
- External loads
- The firing rate will increase if a load opposes its preferred direction of movement
Where are the motor neurons that control single digits located?
Throughout the whole hand
What is required for the movement of single digits?
Activting and inhibiting muscles acting on ALL digits
True or False? Cells that are active during the precision grip are also activated during the power grip.
- False
- They are not
Are central motor neurons and spinal motor neurons the same thing?
No
What are differences between central motor neurons and spinal motor neurons? [2]
- Acitivity in the central motor neuron is not always linked to activation of its couple muscle
- Some subpopulations of central motor cells are active for different types of percision movement
Where are premotor areas located?
Anterior to the primary motor cortex
Where do premotor cells project to?
The spinal cord
How many functional areas are in the premotor cortex?
6
What part of the premotor cortex is divided into areas F4 and F5?
The ventral premotor cortex
Where is the ventral premotor cortex located?
The lateral convexity
What part of the premotor cortex is divided into area F3?
The supplementary motor area
What part of the premotor cortex is divided into area F6?
The pre-supplementary motor area
Where are the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas located?
The caudal/medial convexity
What part of the premotor cortex is divided into area F2?
The dorsal premotor cortex
What part of the premotor cortex is divided into area F7?
The pre-dorsal premotor cortex
Where are the dorsal and pre-dorsal motor areas located?
The dorsal convexity
What does stimulation of the premotor areas lead to?
More complex coordinated handing shaping/reaching movments
After the intention to move has been made, voluntary movement may be [A] or even [B].
A - Delayed
B - Cancelled
What is the purpose of most cells in the motor cortex?
Coding the execution of movements
What is the purpose the premotor cortex and parietal areas?
Motor planning
Where are mistaken movements reflected?
With the neural activity
What parts of the premotor cortex are invovled with movements that are initiated internally?
The supplementary motor areas (F3/F6)
What parts of the premotor cortex are invovled with movements that are triggered by an external sensory event?
The lateral and ventral premotor system (F4/F5)
What part of the premotor neurons are affected by preparatory potenitals when preparing for vountary movemnt?
Medial premotor regions
What types of imagaing can be used to show preparatory activity?
- EEG
- fMRI
