Lecture 14-Modulation of movement: Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Flashcards
How many neurons does the cerebellum have?
-almost as many as the rest of the brain =small brain
How do cerebellum and basal ganglia feed into the motor neurons?
-basal ganglia and cerebellum do not directly influence motor neurons, the influnce is on the motor cortex and brainstem integration
What are the 3 functions of the basal ganglia?
- Allow the selection of complex patterns of voluntary movement 2. Evaluate the success of actions in achieving goals of those actions (involved in motor learning 3.Initiating movements (know from damage to basal ganglia =Parkinson’s can’t get movements going)
What is basal ganglia’s primary function?
-to control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas so that voluntary movements can be performed smoothly
What are the 5 interconnected nuclei that make up the basal ganglia?
- Caudate
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus
- Subthalamic nuclei (just below the thalamus)
- Substantia nigra pars compacta and Substantia nigra pars reticulata
Which 3 nuclei of the basal ganglia are in the forebrain (telencephalon)?
1.Caudate 2.Putamen 3.Globus Pallidus
Where is the substantia nigra?
-the midbrain
True or false: Are globus pallidus and Substantia nigra pars reticulata similar tissue?
true
Why is substantia nigra called that?
-black, presence of melanin
What cells are in the substantia nigra?
-dopamine secreting cells
True or false: Are caudate and putamen the same kind of tissue?
true
What are the 2 divisions of the globus pallidus?
-internal and external
Can you microscopically distinguish putamen and caudate?
no -functionally also the same, input areas of the basal ganglia
What is the function of caudate and putamen in the basal ganglia?
-input areas of basal ganglia
Where does the caudate get input from?
- frontal cortex
- substantia nigra pars compacta
Where does the putamen get input from?
- frontal cortex
- parietal cortex
- temporal cortex
- substantia nigra pars compacta
What does input to the basal ganglia excite?
-GABAergic neurons of the caudate and putamen
What are the two output region of basal ganglia?
-substantia nigra pars reticulata -internal division of the globus pallidus -GABAergic neurons