Lecture 14 mod 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 joint types from least movement to most
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints
Sutures, gomphosis and syndesmosis
Whats the main characteristic of a cartilaginous joint
2 bones joined by a cartilage pad
What are the 6 types of synovial joint and their planes
pivot, hinge, plane(uniaxial) condyloid, saddle(biaxial) and ball and socket(multiaxial)
Prince Harry Pinched Charles’ Saddle Bag
What does the skull consist of(major portions)
The cranial bones- the base which is internal and the calvaria/skullcap which is external
the Facial bones and mandible
How many bones are there and how many in each type
22 bones, 8 cranial and 14 facial
Name the cranial bones
singular- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and occipital
Paired- temporal, parietal
Name the facial bones
single- mandible, vomer
paired- maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae
How many sutures are there in the skull and what are they called
5 sutures, sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, squamous and pterion
What is the dysfunction of sutures called
Synostosis(fusion of 2 or more bones) and craniosynostosis (premature fusion of cranial sutures)
Describe the pterion
The meeting point of 4 of the cranial bones: frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal
it also overlies the middle meningeal artery which means any trauma could result in a extradural haematoma
What are some of the features of the frontal bone
the supraorbital notch/foramen, this allows the passage of the supraorbital nerve(branch of the trigeminal nerve) and vasculatures.
The supraorbital ridge/supercilliary arch which is the eyebrow ridge
What bones form the nasal cavity
the vomer and ethmoid make the septum while the maxilla and nasal bones make the main margins
What is the feature of the parietal bone
the temporal lines, they allow attachment of the temporalis muscle which will go down and cover the temporal bones to help with eating
What are some of the features of the temporal bones
The mandibular fossa for the TMJ joint, the mastoid process for the muscles for the TMJ, the zygomatic process that articulates with the zygomatic bone.
Also the external meatus opening
What are the features of the mandible
The condylar process that articulates with the temporal bone to form the TMJ. Muscle attachment sites and alveolar processes for teeth
Describe the TMJ
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial condyloid joint that does the movements of depression and elevation in one plane(depression is mainly done by gravity).
And the movements of protrusion and retraction.
One set of muscles provides some side to side movement
What are the muscles of the TMJ and what movements do they provide
The temporalis does part of the elevation and does the retraction
the masseter provides elevation(attaches under the zygomatic bone)
The pterygoids contribute to protraction and the side to side movements
Features of the occipital bone
The external occipital protuberance which is the attachment spot for the muscles and ligaments supporting the head and connecting the spine.
the occipital condyles which form a joint with the C1 vertebrae
the foramen magnum, allowing for the passage of the spinal cord
What are the 5 divisions/fossae of the base of the skull
Anterior cranial fossa, the middle cranial fossa x2, the posterior cranial fossa and the pituitary/hypophysial fossa
What is housed in each fossa of the skull
ant-the frontal lobe
middle-the temporal lobes
post- the cerebellum
pitui-the pituitary gland
