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Biochem Final > Lecture 14 - Fatty Acid Biosynthesis > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

the liver and adipose tissue can synthesize fatty acids from acetyl-CoA

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2
Q

Acetyl-CoA can be from ___ or ____

A

carbohydrates or amino acids

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3
Q

Acetyl-CoA is formed where? Thus, where does it have to be transported?

A

Acetyl-CoA is formed in the mitochondria and has to be exported to the cytosol

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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of fatty acid biosynthesis?

A
  1. Export of acetyl-coA into the cytosol
  2. Carboxylation of acetyl-coA to malonyl-coA
  3. Sequential addition of 2-carbon fragments to form palmitate
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5
Q

Acetyl-CoA produced in the mitochondria is carried away by what molecule into the cytosol?

A

citrate

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6
Q

Acetyl-CoA is condensed with ______ in the citrate ____ reaction

A

OXALOACETATE in the citrate synthase reaction

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7
Q

The export of acetyl-CoA into the cytosol is a _____ way of using the citrate shuttle

A

indirect

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8
Q

The carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA is catalyzed by what enzyme?

A

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

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9
Q

what step of fatty acid biosynthesis is the principle regulatory site?

A

the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA

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10
Q

The carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA is controlled by _____ regulation and ____ modification

A

allosteric regulation and covalent modification

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11
Q

What is the POSITIVE regulator of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A

citrate

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12
Q

What is the NEGATIVE regulator of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A

Fatty Acyl-CoA

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13
Q

the carboxylation of acetyl-coA to malonyl-CoA requires….

A

ATP

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14
Q

what enzyme catalyzes the last step of fatty acid biosynthesis?
(Sequential addition of two-carbon fragments to form palmitate)

A

Palmitate Synthase

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15
Q

What are the 5 general reactions in the 3rd step of fatty acid biosynthesis

A
  1. Loading
  2. Condensation
  3. Reduction
  4. Dehydration
  5. Reduction
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16
Q

What is the name for elongation enzymes?

A

elongases

17
Q

What do elongase enzymes do?

A

increase the number of carbons

18
Q

What is the name for desaturation enzymes?

A

Desaturases

19
Q

What do desaturase enzymes do?

A

form double bonds

20
Q

Both elongase and desaturase enzymes are located where?

A

in the endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

Fatty acid biosynthesis uses what 3 things to form fatty acids?

A

ATP, NADPH, acetyl-coA

22
Q

Acetyl-CoA is used as a _____ in fatty acid biosynthesis

A

building block

23
Q

NADPH is used as a ____ in fatty acid biosynthesis

A

reducing power

24
Q

Why is ATP needed in fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

building up always requires energy

25
Q

What part of acetyl-CoA is used as a building block in fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

the acetyl group (2carbon unit) is oxidized

Biochem Final (8 decks)

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