LECTURE 14: BONES Of Axial Skeleton

Question 1

What are 3 functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Movement
3. Protection of spinal cord

Question 2

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

12

Question 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

5-fused

Question 7

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What is the purpose of spinal curves?

Answer 8

To absorb downward forces during physical activities

Question 9

What are 1st degree and 2nd degree spinal curves?

Answer 9

1st degree curves are present at birth ( thoracic and sacrococcygeal kyphosis)
2nd degree curves develop as infants begin to stand and walk ( cervical, lumbar lordosis)

Question 10

Where are intervertebral discs found?

Answer 10

Between vertebral bodies from C2-C3——>L5-S1

Question 11

Where are the intervertebral discs thickest?

Answer 11

In the Lumbar column

Question 12

Where are the intervertebral discs thinnest?

Answer 12

In the thoracic column

Question 13

What is the weakest aspect of intervertebral discs?

Answer 13

Posterior lateral aspect.
(This is where most herniations occur)

Question 14

What separates the intervertebral disc from the vertebral body?

Answer 14

Cartilaginous plate ( hyaline cartilage)

Question 15

What is the outer portion of the intervertebral disc called?

Answer 15

Annulus fibrosis

Question 16

What are annulus fibrosis made up of?

Answer 16

Many layers made up of type 1 collagen

Question 17

What is the inner aspect of the intervertebral disc called?

Answer 17

Nucleus pulposus

Question 18

What is the nucleus pulposus made up of?

Answer 18

Type 2 collagen ( which is jelly-like)

Question 19

What is the difference between a disc protrusion and a disc herniation?

Answer 19

Disc protrusion is a bulging of the annulus fibrosis ( but it remains intact)
Disc herniation is when the nucleus pulposus ruptures through some or all of the fibres of the annulus

Question 20

What are the levels of disc injury?

Answer 20

1.) protrusion
2.) prolapse
3.) extrusion
4.) sequestration

Question 21

What is one of the most highly injured areas?

Answer 21

L5/S1

Question 22

Why is there no disc between C1-C2?

Answer 22

C1 pivots around the dens