Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EAS > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of air masses

A
  • continental polar
  • maritime polar
  • continental tropical
  • maritime tropical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of fronts

A

Warm fronts

Cold fronts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Air masses

A

Weather conditions are controlled by air masses up to 2000 km wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Continental artic

A
  • cA

- very cold dry air masses formed over northernmost continent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Continental polar

A
  • cP

- cold dry air masses formed over continent (central Canada)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Maritime polar

A
  • mP

- cool moist air masses formed over ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Continental tropical

A
  • cT

- hot dry air masses formed over continent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maritime tropical

A
  • mT

- warm moist air masses formed over ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fronts

A

-boundaries between air masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Warm front

A
  • warm air is advancing on cold
  • warm air mass flows up and over cold
  • shown with rounded teeth on weather map
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cold front

A
  • Cold air is advancing on warm
  • cold air mass flows under warm
  • shown with pointed teeth on weather map
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wind speed and direction

A
  • wind speed is specified according to the direction it comes from
  • typical wind speeds average 10-30 km/hr
  • fastest average speed 70 km/hr
  • hurricane and storm winds up to 335 km/hr
  • highest ever recorded 372 km/ hr

Review flag thing for weather map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wind chill

A
  • skin cools faster in moving air
  • there is a boundary layer of very slow moving air that acts as an insulator and thins as speed increases
  • windchill equivalent temperature (windchill factor) measures rate of heat loss from exposed skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wind speed is controlled by

A
  1. Pressure gradients
    Isobars far apart=low pressure gradient and low speed winds
    Isobars close together=steep pressure gradient and high speed winds
  2. Coriolis effect
  3. Friction with the earth’s surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Geostrophic winds

A
  • winds driven by a balance between pressure gradient and coriolis effect
  • parallel to isobars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Low level pressure gradient winds

A
  • direction modified by friction
  • slows wind and reduces coriolis effect
  • smooth surface (e.g. sea) deflection 10-20 degrees
  • rough surface (e.g. forest) deflection up to 50 degrees

Always toward low pressure direction

17
Q

Monsoon winds

A
  • seasonal migration of pressure belts reverse wind directions
  • affect India, Australia, Africa

Winter:

  • ITCZ lies S of India
  • dry NE trade winds from land

Summer:

  • ITCZ migrates North
  • SW winds from ocean brings heavy rain
18
Q

Sea breezes

A
  • local pressure gradient winds
  • day: land heats faster than sea
  • air rises over land: low pressure
  • sea breeze blows towards land
19
Q

Land breezes

A
  • local pressure gradient wind
  • night: land cools faster than sea
  • air rises over sea: low pressure
  • land breeze blows towards sea
20
Q

Mountain and valley winds

A

Day: sun heats south facing slopes (in N hemisphere)

  • warm air rises
  • air flows up from valley

-opposite at night

21
Q

Katabatic winds

A
  • cold dense air accumulates over high plateau, glacier, or ice cap
  • cold air spills into valley
22
Q

Chinooks

A
  • regional air flow forces air across mountains

- descending air warms adiabatically

23
Q

Thunderstorms

A
  • form in warm moist air masses, during daytime heating
  • especially along cold fronts where mT air contacts cP air
  • density lifting is assisted by condensation, which releases latent heat
  • high winds drawn in to storm
  • strong upward air flow carries ice particles upward repeatedly, freezing of supercooled water can produce large hail
  • top of storm reaches typically an ice cloud “anvil”
24
Q

Thunderstorms: Lightening

A
  • strong air currents cause ionization of air molecules
  • electric discharges heat air explosively (cloud to cloud, cloud to ground)
  • resulting sound is thunder
25
Q

Tornadoes

A
  • form in thunderstorms
  • initiated by spiral updrafts
  • tightly rotating centres

Funnel cloud=in air only
Tornado=touching ground

-visible because they draw in cloud, dust and debris

26
Q

Tropical cyclones

A

-form 5-10 degrees N or S of equators in ITCZ
-need warm moist air (>26 over sea)
-condensation to supply latent heat for continued density lifting
-coriolis effect to drive rotation
-if winds >119 km/hr hurricane status
Naming depends on location:
-hurricane (Atlantic)
-Typhoon (NW Pacific)
-Cyclone (Australia)

27
Q

Tropical cyclones effects

A
  • high winds (>119 km/hr)
  • low pressure centre raises sea level up to 9 m
  • wind may drive raised water on shore: storm surge
  • very high rainfall (>250 mm common): flooding

EAS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions