Lecture 14

Question 1

predation/ consumption def

Answer 1

member of one species eat members of another species

Question 2

2 effect of species 1 on species 2

Answer 2

competition: -/-
predation: +/-

Question 3

3 effect of predation

Answer 3

affect distribution and reduce abundance of prey
alter community organization
selective force, adaptation among the prey

Question 4

5 type dynamic predator prey population

Answer 4

stable oscillation btw predator and prey
converged oscillation
divergent oscillation
stable equilibrium
no oscillation

Question 5

4 reason model wrong reason

Answer 5

multiple prey species and multiple predator species
refugia
environmental heterogeneity
evolutionary change in both

Question 6

random & non random eg

Answer 6

random: hyena鬣狗(predator), gazelle瞪羚(prey)
non random: hyenas鬣狗(predator), wildebeest角马(prey); territorial muskrat麝鼠(prey), mink水貂(predator)

Question 7

response

Answer 7

functional: predator consume more prey per capita
numerical: predator more abundant, more babies
aggregate: predator distribution(fish)
developmental: grow big(eg.mite grow larger)

Question 7

4 refuge

Answer 7

spatial
temporal(eg.diel)
number, predator satiation(eg.fish, eucalyptus, oak)
body size(eg. elephant)

Question 8

2 coevolution eg

Answer 8

eg. milkweed, monarch butterfly, aposematism(honest signaling)
eg. snake, Batesian mimics, dishonest signaling