Lecture 05

Question 1

2 multicellularity

Answer 1

aggregative: unrelated cell come together
clonal multicellularity: related but fail to separate clone, mutation, stuck together

Question 2

怎么得到hypothesis of multicellularity of animal

Answer 2

choanoflagellate
tyrosine kinase
cadherin
integrin
extracellular matrix domain

Question 3

growth of fungi

Answer 3

start with spores
hyphae grow
hyphae interconnect
hyphae anastamose
interconnected web of hyphae form multicellular

Question 4

clonal multicellularity

Answer 4

animal, fungi, diatom, green algae, ciliate

Question 5

1 eg of colonial ciliate

Answer 5

zoothamnium

Question 6

slime mold growth

Answer 6

individual feeding
food run out- aggregate to slug like, stalk& spore capsule
cell form the stalk at the bottom die, altruism

Question 7

5 advantage of multicellularity

Answer 7

resistance to environmental stressors
resistance to predator
cooperative feeding
division of labor
milieu interieur

Question 8

word for “evolutionary divergence of members of a single phylogenetic lineage into a variety of different adaptive forms over a relatively short interval of geological time”

Answer 8

adaptive radiation

Question 9

例举重要的geological period

Answer 9

Cambrain寒武纪
sharp increase in fossils of invertebrate phyla

Silurian志留纪
first land plant and land invertebrate

Devonian泥盆纪
rise of fish
Carboniferous石炭纪
early reptile& amphibian& insect

Jurassic侏罗纪
rise of dinosaur& first birds
Cretaceous白垩纪
first flowering plants& extinction of dinosaur
Paleocene古新世
radiation of primitive mammal

Question 10

first terrestrial reptile

Answer 10

Acanthostega

Question 11

3 reason adaptive radiation

Answer 11

fill previous unavailable niches
competitive advantage
competitive release