Lecture 04

Question 1

3.8-3.5bya

Answer 1

prokaryotic cell exist

Question 2

2.5-1.8bya

Answer 2

eukaryotic cell exist

Question 3

3.5-2.7bya

Answer 3

photosynthetic cyanobacteria appear

Question 4

2.45bya

Answer 4

great oxidation event

Question 5

5 consequence of O2 production

Answer 5

aerobic metabolism

change ocean chemistry to S& N

allow formation of ozone layer, protection from UV

poisoned environment for anaerobic organism

mechanism need to detoxify noxious by-product such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide

Question 6

3 function of liquid water

Answer 6

50%-90% of body mass
chemical reaction
solvent

Question 7

4 function of energy

Answer 7

metabolism, replicate, move, acquire other resources

Question 8

4 limitation of energy

Answer 8

external: shortage, food quality
internal: digestion, enzyme catalysis

Question 9

3 general principle of energy

Answer 9

limited
organism respond in such a way to maximize rate of energy intake
trade off

Question 10

2 classification based on energy

Answer 10

autotroph, heterotroph

phototroph, chemotroph (chemoorganotroph& chemolithotroph)

Question 11

3 eg. for use of element

Answer 11

cellulose, C, CW of plant

hydroxy-apatite, Ca& P, bone of vertebrate

cytochrome, Fe& N, electron carrier protein

Question 12

2 Se deficiency result

Answer 12

human: Keshan disease
diatom: lipid damage and death

Question 13

general principle of element

Answer 13

organism concentrate and extract element from environment

concentration of essential element various among different environment& over geological time

limited

availability affect organism’ ecology and evolution

Question 14

5 early organism features

Answer 14

chemolithoautotroph

environment: hot spring& hydrothermal environment

hyperthermophilic& halophilic

anaerobic

prokaryotic

Question 15

how early organism obtain energy and C from inorganic source

Answer 15

H2 energy source, Fe& S electron acceptor

Question 16

difference btw prokaryote(5)& eukaryote(4)

Answer 16

prokaryote

no nucleus, organelle, microtubule
70S ribosome
CW compose of peptidoglycan
small
DNA in single chromosome

eukaryote

nucleus, organelle, full course of cytoskeleton
membrane
80S ribosome
large

Question 17

endosymbiotic theory谁提出来

Answer 17

Lynn Margulis

Question 18

5 evidence for endosymbiosis

Answer 18

mitochondria& chloroplast own DNA, similar to bacterial DNA, no histone, circular

surrounded by double membrane, inner one look like bacterial

electron transport chain of mitochondria located at inner membrane & outer membrane of bacteria

antibiotic sensitivity

70S ribosome

Question 19

谁classification based on RNA gene sequence analysis

Answer 19

Carl Woese

Question 20

method to classify

Answer 20

rRNA, a number of different gene

Question 21

archaea 4 groups

Answer 21

euryarchaeota广古菌门
crenarchaeota泉古菌门
korarchaeota初古菌门
lokiarchaeota洛基古菌

Question 22

major lineage according to rRNA sequence analysis

Answer 22

12

Question 23

eukarya 4 kingdom是什么

Answer 23

plant, animal fungi, protist

Question 24

eukarya classification

Answer 24

plantae

rhizaria有孔虫

unikont

chromalveolate囊泡藻类

ciliate纤毛虫

stramenophile不等鞭毛类