Lecture 04 Flashcards
3.8-3.5bya
prokaryotic cell exist
2.5-1.8bya
eukaryotic cell exist
3.5-2.7bya
photosynthetic cyanobacteria appear
2.45bya
great oxidation event
5 consequence of O2 production
aerobic metabolism
change ocean chemistry to S& N
allow formation of ozone layer, protection from UV
poisoned environment for anaerobic organism
mechanism need to detoxify noxious by-product such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide
3 function of liquid water
50%-90% of body mass
chemical reaction
solvent
4 function of energy
metabolism, replicate, move, acquire other resources
4 limitation of energy
external: shortage, food quality
internal: digestion, enzyme catalysis
3 general principle of energy
limited
organism respond in such a way to maximize rate of energy intake
trade off
2 classification based on energy
autotroph, heterotroph
phototroph, chemotroph (chemoorganotroph& chemolithotroph)
3 eg. for use of element
cellulose, C, CW of plant
hydroxy-apatite, Ca& P, bone of vertebrate
cytochrome, Fe& N, electron carrier protein
2 Se deficiency result
human: Keshan disease
diatom: lipid damage and death
general principle of element
organism concentrate and extract element from environment
concentration of essential element various among different environment& over geological time
limited
availability affect organism’ ecology and evolution
5 early organism features
chemolithoautotroph
environment: hot spring& hydrothermal environment
hyperthermophilic& halophilic
anaerobic
prokaryotic
how early organism obtain energy and C from inorganic source
H2 energy source, Fe& S electron acceptor
difference btw prokaryote(5)& eukaryote(4)
prokaryote
no nucleus, organelle, microtubule
70S ribosome
CW compose of peptidoglycan
small
DNA in single chromosome
eukaryote
nucleus, organelle, full course of cytoskeleton
membrane
80S ribosome
large
endosymbiotic theory谁提出来
Lynn Margulis
5 evidence for endosymbiosis
mitochondria& chloroplast own DNA, similar to bacterial DNA, no histone, circular
surrounded by double membrane, inner one look like bacterial
electron transport chain of mitochondria located at inner membrane & outer membrane of bacteria
antibiotic sensitivity
70S ribosome
谁classification based on RNA gene sequence analysis
Carl Woese
method to classify
rRNA, a number of different gene
archaea 4 groups
euryarchaeota广古菌门
crenarchaeota泉古菌门
korarchaeota初古菌门
lokiarchaeota洛基古菌
major lineage according to rRNA sequence analysis
12
eukarya 4 kingdom是什么
plant, animal fungi, protist
eukarya classification
plantae
rhizaria有孔虫
unikont
chromalveolate囊泡藻类
ciliate纤毛虫
stramenophile不等鞭毛类
