Lecture 03 Flashcards
4 hypothesis for compartmentalization
1)form sheet on H2O, water agitated& droplet, vesicle
2)coacervate积累 by the exclusion of water molecule from associated colloidal胶体的 particles
3)heat and cool 1g polymer
those have active DNA& RNA will steal membrane from inert cell
name of the experiment for hypothesis 2
Oparin’s experiment
Oparin’s experiment
1)
material: arabic gum, histone, phosphorylase, glucose-1-phosphate
result: phosphorylate enzyme polymerize phophorylated glucose into starch
2)
material: arabic gum, histone, phosphorylase, glucose-1-phosphate, beta amlyase
result: phosphorylate enzyme polymerize phophorylated glucose into starch, hydrolysis into maltose by beta amlyase
advantage of compartmentalization
maintain their internal environment in the face of a different external environment
3 condition for natural selection
intrinsic increase in the number of individual within a species
competiion
survival of the few
word for “life based in cells with an inheritance system that could pass their properties to future generations”
transition in individuality
eg. for transition in individuallity
1)RNA& DNA& protein cooperate
2)unicellar organism cooperate
3)multicellular organism cooperate
4)gene cooperate form genome
primary&secondary earth atm
primary: He/ H
secondary: H2O, CO2
significance for CH4
evidence for existence of prokaryote life(methanogen)>3.5bya
clue for metabolic pathway
name for fossil record that prokaryote 3.5-3.8bya
stromatolites
time(diversified into eukaryotic cell)
2.5-2.8bya
O2 accumulate in atm beginning when & why
2.3 bya
b/c first react w/ Fe
pigment& reactant of photosynthesis
pigment: bacteriochlorophyll
early: based on S& anoxygenic
consequence of O2 production
new type of metabolism
change ocean chemistry to S&N
formation of O3
anaerobic organism to refuge
organism had to evolve mechanism to detoxify noxious by-produce of O2 such as superoxide, hydrogene peroxide
3 requirement of living organism
liquid H2O, energy, element
4 limitation for rate of take in energy
external: shortage& food quality
internal: digestion& enzyme catalysis
3 general principle about energy
intake limited
organism need to maximize rate of energy take
trade-off
organism require # element
28
word for use light energy, organic chemical energy, inorganic chemical energy
light energy-phototroph
organic-chemoorganotroph
inorganic-chemolithotroph
effect of Se deficiency
human: Keshan disease
diatom: lipid damage& death
origin of metabolism
precursor cell use A as E source
A deplete cells evolve an enzyme to convert B into A thrive
natural selection favor progenote that used diverse substrate
