Lecture 13 - Human Factors 1 Flashcards
_______ is traditionally focused on how work affects people.
Ergonomics
____ ______ is traditionally more interested in human machine interface or human engineering.
Human factors
What was the early emphasis of human factors on when it emerged in WWII?
Productivity and physiology.
Human factors include _____ ______ design.
user-entered
What 4 things does user-centred design include?
- Systems designed to fit people (not vice-versa)
- Reduces training time
- Minimizes human error
- Improves comfort, safety and productivity
What are 6 design considerations?
- Affordances
- User stereotypes/expectancies
- Stimulus-response compatibility
- Cognitive ability
- Sensation and perceptual capabilities
- User preferences
An ________ is a relation between an object or an environment and an organism that, through a collection of stimuli, affords the opportunity for that organism to perform an action.
Affordance
A _____ _______ is an apparent affordance that does not have any real function, meaning that the individual perceives nonexistent possibilities for action. What is an example?
False affordance - placebo button
A _____ ______ indicates that there are possibilities for action, but these are not perceived by the individual.
Hidden affordance
The response or interaction with objects and/or the environment is impacted by ______ experience.
prior experience
An individual may develop cognitive stereotypes to improve interaction that may have what two kinds of implications?
- Positive
2. Negative
A _______ cognitive stereotypes = increased quality and reaction time with correct object/environment response
positive
A ______ cognitive stereotype = decreased quality and increased reaction time when similar object/environment but not same response required.
negative
________ - ________ compatibility is the degree to which a persons perception of the world is compatible with the required action.
Stimulus-response
Stimulus-response compatibility is also described as what?
Naturalness
______ ______ is concerned with the application of what we know about people, their abilities, characteristics, and limitations to the design of equipment they use, environments in which they function, and jobs they perform.
human factors
What are 5 human factor activities?
- Accident investigation
- Simulation, virtual reality, and training
- Occupational/public health and safety
- Consumer products
- Basic and applied research
More driving experience leads to quicker and more accurate reactions as long as drivers ________ are met.
expectations
______ ______ = human ability to multitask and deal with working memory (executive function) to make decisions.
cognitive ability
What are 5 examples of factors that may affect cognitive ability?
- Type
- Timing
- Amount of stimulus present
- Cognitive fatigue
- Age