Lecture 13 - Human Factors 1

Question 1

_______ is traditionally focused on how work affects people.

Answer 1

Ergonomics

Question 2

____ ______ is traditionally more interested in human machine interface or human engineering.

Answer 2

Human factors

Question 3

What was the early emphasis of human factors on when it emerged in WWII?

Answer 3

Productivity and physiology.

Question 4

Human factors include _____ ______ design.

Answer 4

user-entered

Question 5

What 4 things does user-centred design include?

Answer 5

1. Systems designed to fit people (not vice-versa)
2. Reduces training time
3. Minimizes human error
4. Improves comfort, safety and productivity

Question 6

What are 6 design considerations?

Answer 6

1. Affordances
2. User stereotypes/expectancies
3. Stimulus-response compatibility
4. Cognitive ability
5. Sensation and perceptual capabilities
6. User preferences

Question 7

An ________ is a relation between an object or an environment and an organism that, through a collection of stimuli, affords the opportunity for that organism to perform an action.

Answer 7

Affordance

Question 8

A _____ _______ is an apparent affordance that does not have any real function, meaning that the individual perceives nonexistent possibilities for action. What is an example?

Answer 8

False affordance - placebo button

Question 9

A _____ ______ indicates that there are possibilities for action, but these are not perceived by the individual.

Answer 9

Hidden affordance

Question 10

The response or interaction with objects and/or the environment is impacted by ______ experience.

Answer 10

prior experience

Question 11

An individual may develop cognitive stereotypes to improve interaction that may have what two kinds of implications?

Answer 11

1. Positive

2. Negative

Question 12

A _______ cognitive stereotypes = increased quality and reaction time with correct object/environment response

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

A ______ cognitive stereotype = decreased quality and increased reaction time when similar object/environment but not same response required.

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

________ - ________ compatibility is the degree to which a persons perception of the world is compatible with the required action.

Answer 14

Stimulus-response

Question 15

Stimulus-response compatibility is also described as what?

Answer 15

Naturalness

Question 16

______ ______ is concerned with the application of what we know about people, their abilities, characteristics, and limitations to the design of equipment they use, environments in which they function, and jobs they perform.

Answer 16

human factors

Question 17

What are 5 human factor activities?

Answer 17

1. Accident investigation
2. Simulation, virtual reality, and training
3. Occupational/public health and safety
4. Consumer products
5. Basic and applied research

Question 18

More driving experience leads to quicker and more accurate reactions as long as drivers ________ are met.

Answer 18

expectations

Question 19

______ ______ = human ability to multitask and deal with working memory (executive function) to make decisions.

Answer 19

cognitive ability

Question 20

What are 5 examples of factors that may affect cognitive ability?

Answer 20

1. Type
2. Timing
3. Amount of stimulus present
4. Cognitive fatigue
5. Age