Lecture 13: Emotion Flashcards
What is Emotion defined by?
- Introspection
- Behaviour
- Psychophysiology
What is Emotion?
A subjective sensation that typically accompanies events that result in episodic memories
What is the Perception of Emotion in others?
An inference of a state in others that typically follows the perception of their facial features, vocalizations, and other behaviors while they report experiencing emotion
What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?
Purposes that the thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex and to the hypothalamus
What are the Neural Networks underlying Emotion?
Valence Network and Arousal Network
What is Valence Network?
Absolute value f valence ratings (reflecting the positive and negative extremes of valence) correlated positively with neural activity in the left dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and right dorsal PFC, and inversely with neural activity in the left medial temporal cortex and right amygdala
What is Arousal Network?
Correlated positively with neural activity in the left parahippocampal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and inversely in the left dorsolateral dPFC and dorsal cerebellum
What does Cortisol do to the body?
- Manages how your body uses carbohydrates, fats and proteins
- Keep inflammation down
- Regulates your blood pressure
- Increases your blood sugar (glucose)
- Controls your sleep/wake cycle
- Boosts energy so you can handle stress
What are the effects of Chronic Stress?
- Anxiety, depression, digestive problems
- Headaches
- Sleep problems
- Weight gain
- Memory and concentration impairment – a rise in corticosteroid level is also accompanied by a reduction in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP)
What are the 2 different neural pathways including amygdala appear to be involved in aggression?
Pathway 1: Predatory Aggression
Pathway 2: Affective Aggression
What is the Pathway 1: Predatory Aggression
Originates in the cortex amygdala > lateral hypothalamus > medial forebrain bundle > ventral tegmentum
What is the Pathway 2: Affective Aggression?
Cortex > amygdala > medial hypothalamus > dorsolateral fasciculus >periaqueductal grey matter
What is Basolateral Amygdala (BLA)?
Associated with consolidation of emotional memories
What is Anterior Hippocampus (AH)?
A key brain region for encoding and retrieving emotional content in episodic memory… lesions of the anterior hippocampus interfere with stress responses and association of emotion with memories of events
What Six Basic Emotions Reactions Ekman Proposed?
- Happiness
- Anger
- Fear
- Sadness
- Disgust
- Surprise
What are Extrinsic and Intrinsic Processes Responsible for?
Monitoring, evaluating, and controlling emotional reactions to arousing stimuli
What is the 4 Step Sequence for Emotion Generation?
- Perception of a Situation: (real or imagined) That is emotionally relevant, capable of capturing
- Attentional Resources: Directed toward the situation which lead to
- Appraisal: The emotional situation is subsequently evaluated and interpreted
- Response: An emotional response is generated giving rise to loosely coordinated changes in experiential, behavioral, and physiological response systems
What is Emotional Dysregulation?
Abnormal influence of emotional arousal on the organization and quality of thoughts, actions, and interactions
What are the main Brain Regions associated with Emotion Regulation?
- Amygdala
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex
- Prefrontal Cortex
——–Orbitofrontal Cortex
——–Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
———Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
