Lecture 12: Learning and Memory Flashcards
What is Perceptual Learning?
Functions to recognize objects and situations
What is Stimulus-Response Learning?
Involves making a response when a particular stimulus is present
———Classical Conditioning
———Operant Conditioning
What is Motor Learning?
Involves forming new behavioral skills
What is Relational Learning?
Involves identifying connections between/among stimuli
What is Classical Conditioning?
A learning process that involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that already elicits a response
What are Low-Level Reinforcers?
Food, water, warmth, sex, removal from fear-inducing situation
What are High-Level reinforcers?
Social interaction, speech, music, visual stimulation, etc..
What is Long-term Potentiation (LTP) demonstrated by?
It is demonstrated by finding a gradual increase in the PPSP size and shape over days
LTP may result from what 3 Factors?
- Increased number of new AMPA receptors during stimulation
- Nitric Oxide (NO) feedback to the presynaptic membrane enhances glutamate release
- Alteration of synaptic structure e.g dendritic spines from perforated synapses with the presynaptic terminals
What is the most common Glutamate Receptor Type?
a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA)
What is Interference?
Information completes for retrieval
What is Proactive Interference?
Old information interferes with real of new information
What is Retroactive Interference?
New information interferes with recall of old information
What is Decay?
Memory trace fades with time
What is Motivated Forgetting?
Involves the loss of painful memories (protective memory loss)
What is Retrieval Failure?
The information is shrill within LTM, but cannot be recalled because the retrieval cue is weak (incomplete or absent)
What is Amnesia?
A failure to recall memories
What in Anterograde Amnesia?
Difficulty in forming new memories for events that occur after brain trauma
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
An inability to recall events that occur prior to the trauma
What is Korsakoff’s Amnesic Syndrome?
Is a severe form of anterograde amnesia associated with chronic alcoholism caused by a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamine B1)
What are the Symptoms of Korsakoff’s Amnesic Syndrome?
- Severe anterograde amnesia
- Confabulation: A person unknowingly creates fictitious memories
