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T2: Theme 3: CVS > Lecture 13 and 14: Pharmacological treatment of IHD > Flashcards

Lecture 13 and 14: Pharmacological treatment of IHD Flashcards

1
Q

How is NO produced in the endothelial cells?

A

Ach, bradykinin or sheer stress increase Ca

Ca activates NOS which converts L-arg to NO

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2
Q

What is the definition fo stable angina?

A

A predictable pattern of pain during exercise that is relieved by rest

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3
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A

Postural hypotension

Headache

Dizziness

Reflex tachycardia

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4
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

Increase NO which increases cGMP, reduces Ca and results in venodilation

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5
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

Decrease frequency and force of contraction to decrease CO

Also inhibit RAAS by inhibiting renin release

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6
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Bronchoconstriction

Fatigue

Contraindicated in patients with peripheral vascular disease

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7
Q

What is the effect of dihydropyridines?

A

Dilate arterioles to decrease cardiac workload

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8
Q

What is the effect of phenylalkamines and benzodiazepines?

A

Decrease frequency and force of contraction to decrease cardiac workload

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9
Q

What are the side effects of ivabradine?

A

Luminous phenomena (Ih) in retina
Blurred vision
Dizziness

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10
Q

How does ivabradine work?

A

Blocks the pacemaker current (Ih/f) in the nodal tissue of the heart

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11
Q

What kind of drug is simvastatin?

A

Statin

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12
Q

How does prasugrel work?

A

P2Y12 inhibitor

blocks binding of ADP to ADPR on platelets

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13
Q

How does aspirin work?

A

COX inhibitor

Prevents further activation of platelets

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14
Q

What platelet receptor is activated when ADP binds the P2Y12 receptors.

A

GP2b/3a

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15
Q

What is the importance of GP2b/3a receptors?

A

Fibrinogen binds to these receptors to cross link different platelets.

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16
Q

What protein metabolises clopidogrel?

A

CYP2C19

17
Q

What protein metabolises prasugrel?

A

CYP3A4

18
Q

What are the signs of an MI?

A

Pain
Sweating
Tachycardia
Cold clammy skin

19
Q

How does digoxin work?

A

Binds to the Na+/K+ ATPase and inhibits it - increases Na+ in heart - inhibits the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger - increased Ca2+ in muscle cell - stronger contraction

20
Q

How does amioderone work?

A

K+ channel blocker that increases the refractory period of ventricular myocytes and can terminate arrhythmias

21
Q

What is amioderone used to treat?

A

Dysrhythmia

22
Q

What K channel blocker is used to increase the refractory period of the cardiac myocytes to prevent re-entry and dysrhythmia?

A

Amioderone

T2: Theme 3: CVS (18 decks)

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