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T2: Theme 3: CVS > Lecture 1: Circulation > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a circulation in series?

A

Flows in one after the other

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2
Q

What is a circulation in parallel?

A

Branching paths, concurrent, either or

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3
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure?

A

BP = CO x PR

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4
Q

What is the name of the sounds used for the measurement of BP?

A

Korotkoff

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5
Q

What % of blood volume is in the veins?

A

64%

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6
Q

What cross section does the right ventricle have?

A

Crescent, thin walled

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7
Q

What cross section does the left ventricle have?

A

Circular, thick walled

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8
Q

Describe the pulmonary circulation.

A

Lungs only, low pressure, high flow, low resistance

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9
Q

Describe the systemic circulation.

A

Multiple organs, high pressure, variable flow, variable resistance

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10
Q

What is the apex beat?

A

At systole when the apex of the heart moves forward and strikes the chest wall

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11
Q

When do valves open/close?

A

Open: when pressure on the inflow side is higher

Close: when pressure on the outflow side is higher

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12
Q

What controls blood volume?

A

Kidneys

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13
Q

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron - contains a glomerulus (the filter)

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14
Q

What controls the kidneys?

A

The endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

What is the result of contracting the afferent artery in the nephron?

A

Decreased filtration

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16
Q

What is the result of dilating the afferent artery and constriction of the efferent artery in the nephron?

A

Increased filtration

17
Q

How many glomerulus per kidney?

A

1 million

18
Q

What is the glomerular filtration rate?

A

Fluid entering all bowman capsules in ml/min

Increase renal blood flow - increase GFR

19
Q

What is the definition of hypoxia/anoxia/hypoxaemia?

A

Insufficient O2 supply to a region or to entire body

Causes:

  • Low Hb
  • Consumption greater than flow
  • failure of gas exchange in the lung
20
Q

What is the definition of ischaemia?

A

Insufficient blood flow to a region

Causes:

  • Vessel (clog, constriction)
  • Insufficient blood volume
  • Insufficient pressure
21
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

A symptom

Chest pain due to over exertion of (damaged) heart tissue

With or without physical exertion

Treat with nitrates

Cause: ischaemia of the heart tissue due to an obstruction of coronary artery

22
Q

What is the treatment for MI?

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
Aspirin

23
Q

What causes heart failure?

A

Heart pumps out insufficient blood

24
Q

What are the symptoms of heart failure?

A

Fatigue, dypnoeia, oedema

25
Q

What is shock?

A

Critically low perfusion, medical emergency, affects critically ill patients

26
Q

What causes syncope?

A

Insufficient blood flow to the brain

T2: Theme 3: CVS (18 decks)

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