Lecture 12: Retinal disease Flashcards
Describe the blood supply of the retina:
Central retinal artery supplies internal retina.
AV crossings
Avascular foveal zone
Choroid vessels
What are the signs of retinal vascu,ar disease?
- Vascular changes – arteriolosclerosis, AV crossing changes,
venous tortuosity - Microaneurysms
- Haemorrhages
- Hard exudates
- Cotton wool spots
- Neovasclarisation
What are some vessel wall changes you might see on a fundoscope?
Arteriolar attenuation
AV crossing changes
ARterial dilation and tortuosity
Aneurysms
What causes dot and blot heamorrhages?
Dot & blot haemorrhages – middle compact retinal layers –
diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy
What causes retinal flame heamorrhages?
Flame-shaped haemorrhages – superficial nerve fibre layer –
vein occlusion
What causes pre-retinal heamorrhages?
Pre-retinal haemorrhages – between posterior hyaloid face
and retina – trauma, Valsalva manouvre, neovascularisation
Name these
Dot and blot haemorrhages
Flame shaped haemorrhages
Pre retinal haemorrhage
What causes these roth spots?
Endocarditis
Anaemia
Heamotological conditions
Whats this? what causes this?
Cotton wool spots
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- SLE
- Leukemias
- Infective - HIV
What conditions cause retinal neovascularisation?
Hypoxia
- Diabetes
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Retrolental fibroplasia
- Sickle-cell disease
- Inflammatory diseases
What are the signs of retinal degeneration or dystrophy?
- Drusen
- Atrophy
- Pigmentation
- Scarring
What can elevate the retina?
- by fluid – retinal detachment
- by solid mass - tumours
- Choroidal neovascularisation
Drusen
Atrophy
Pigmentation
scarring
Retinal melanoma
Total retinal detatchment
Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV)
–
with subretinal haemorrhage
Vitritis
Multifocal choroiditis
Retinitis
