Lecture 12: Replication Flashcards
Making a copy of the chromosome so the daughter cell gets the same genetic information as the parent cell.
Replication
Making an RNA copy of a gene so a protein can be made.
Transcription
Making a protein using the instructions on the mRNA
Translation
Which occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes, but in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes?
Replication and Transcription
Which occurs in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Translation
Newly replicated DNA contains an “old” strand from the parent (conserved) and one “new” strand.
semiconservative
The major enzyme involved in DNA replication.
DNA Pol III
The enzyme that does some of the clean-up work
DNA Pol I
What is the activity of DNA Pol I/III?
5’-3’ polymerase and 3’-5’ exonuclease
What is the activity of DNA Pol I?
5’-3’ exonuclease activity
Which DNA strand is made continuously?
leading strand
Which DNA strand is made in pieces called Okazaki fragments?
Lagging strand
Lays down an RNA primer
Primase
connects Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
Ligase
All polymerase links the nucleotide to grow in the 5’-3’ direction. (includes both DNA & RNA polymerases)
5’ to 3’ polymerase activity
DNA Pol I and III both have this activity, which is called the PROOFREADING activity because they use it to correct mistakes, otherwise, bacteria would have too many mutations.
3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
Only DNA Pol I has this activity. It uses it to remove the RNA primer.
5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity
DNA Pol’s cannot initiate the ________ of a DNA strand; They can only add nucleotides to an _________ strand.
synthesis; existing
The RNA primer was laid down by primase, and DNA Pol III will extend it using deoxyribonucleoside ___________
triphosphate
Primase is a special TYPE of ____ ___ used in DNA replication
RNA Pol
What needs to be present to supply energy for DNA ligase to make a phosphodiester bond?
NAD+