Lecture 12- Nature And Nurture Interplay

Question 1

Environmental measures can be treated as

Answer 1

Dependent variables in genetically informative studies

Question 2

Many measures of the environment that are important for child development are under

Answer 2

Genetic influences

Question 3

What are the three types of gene-environment correlation

Answer 3

Passive, Evocative, Active

Question 4

What’s the source of passive gene-environment correlation

Answer 4

Parents and siblings

Question 5

What’s the source of evocative gene-environment correlation

Answer 5

Anybody

Question 6

What’s the source of active gene-environment correlation

Answer 6

Anybody or anything

Question 7

What is passive gene-environment correlation

Answer 7

Parental genes influence parental behaviours that play a role in determining the kind of rearing environment that they provide

Question 8

What is evocative gene-environment correlation

Answer 8

Child genes influence child behaviours that play a role in evoking different types of responses in other people

Question 9

What is active gene-environment correlation

Answer 9

Child genes influence child behaviours that play a role in determining how children shape and select their environments

Question 10

What’s an example of a passive gene environment correlation

Answer 10

Parents of high IQ provide genes and enriched rearing environments

Question 11

What’s the estimates of genotype environment correlation for IQ with non-adoptive families

Answer 11

r = 0.5

Question 12

What’s the estimates of genotype-environment correlation for IQ with adoptive families

Answer 12

r= 0.2

Question 13

What’s an example of an evocative gene environment correlation

Answer 13

Children with genetic risk for behavioural problems evoke a negative type of parenting or reaction from from peers

Question 14

What’s an example of an active gene environment correlation

Answer 14

Antisocial person seeks out antisocial peers

Question 15

64% of the variance in adolescents’ exposure to friends who smoke and drink could be explained by

Answer 15

Genetic influences, whereas shared environmental influences were 0%

Question 16

The relative importance of the three kinds of gene-environment effects changes with

Answer 16

Development

Question 17

The influence of the passive rGE increases or declines from infancy to adolescence?

Answer 17

Declines

Question 18

The influence of the active rGE increases or declines from infancy to adolescence?

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

The degree to which experience is influenced by individual’s genetic factors increases with development because

Answer 19

• New genes can become important

- Individuals select their own experiences

Question 20

What’s genetic innovation

Answer 20

New genes become important

Question 21

What’s genetic amplification

Answer 21

Individuals select their own experiences

Question 22

What’s Gene environment correlation (rGE)

Answer 22

When individuals with a genetic propensity for a trait are in environments, choose or create the environments that support expression of the trait

Question 23

What’s gene environment interaction (GxE)

Answer 23

Genetically influenced sensitivity to specific environment

Question 24

What’s epigenetics

Answer 24

Determines how much of the proteins is made, and where it is synthesised

Question 25

What is DNA methylation

Answer 25

Methyl groups attach to DNA compacting it and preventing it’s code from being read or made into proteins

Question 26

What is histone modification

Answer 26

Chemical tags can attach to the histones and control whether it is expanded or compacted

Question 27

What is chromatin

Answer 27

The combination of DNA and proteins