lecture 12: fitness fads

Question 1

fad

Answer 1

is any form of collective behaviour that develops within a social group in which a group of people enthusiastically follow for a short period
- fitness industry is full of fads
- could be harmful or
ineffective
- could provide competitive
advantage or novel
activity

Question 2

fitness industry is full of fads

Answer 2

• some established training techniques were a “fad” at one point
• altitude training
• HITT training
• farlek running
• resistance training
• creatine supplementation
• blood-flow restriction

Question 3

evidence in practice (2 things)

Answer 3

1: evidence-based practice
2: evidence-informed practice

Question 4

evidence- based practice

Answer 4

is based on firm, sound, consensus scientific information

Question 5

evidence-informed practice

Answer 5

involves using research evidence, professional expertise, resources, and knowledge within the local context

Question 6

fitness fad fact vs fiction

Answer 6

1: best case
- several well-controlled studies on exact principle in related population over range of duration

2: second best
- 1-2 controlled studies on exact principle in related population over range of durations

3: next best
- studies on related principles in similar population

4: last resory
- logical reasoning based on scientific/physiological knowledge or experience

Question 7

todays fads

Answer 7

• vibration training (whole body vibration, local vibration)
• diet pills (Ozempic)
• training to failure
• partial reps

Question 8

whole body vibration training

Answer 8

performing exercise while standing on a vibrating platform
- frequency: cycles per second
- amplitude: displacement per cycle
- generally, operate up =-down or side to side

Question 9

evidence for whole body vibration training

Answer 9

vibrations stimulate stretch reflex, and requires muscle activity to provide stabilization
- increases muscle activity
- greater energy expenditure

Question 10

body contouring vibration

Answer 10

applying localized vibration to activate muscle and disrupt fat

Question 11

tonic vibration reflex:

Answer 11

vibration activates same pathway as stretch reflex
- vibration applied to a muscle results in reflexive muscle activation

Question 12

side effect of ozempic

Answer 12

also acts as an appetite suppressant

Question 12

evidence for body contouring vibration

Answer 12

local vibration activates muscles
- high frequency “cooks” fat cells and leads to apoptosis.
- results in very modest loss of fat
- vibration may elicit small amounts of local muscle activation, but insufficient to “burn” fat or unlikely to stimulate muscle growth

Question 12

Ozempic: what is it?

Answer 12

-GLP-1 agonist:
- glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone
- released into the blood stream when feeding to stimulate release of insulin
- also acts as a satiety hormone (signals feelings of full to the brain)
- ozempic is diabetes medication that helps to regulate insulin levels

Question 13

current evidence for Ozempic

Answer 13

• weight loss of 10-17% total body mass in 20-60 weeks
• comparable to gastric surgery
• weight regain when drug is discontinued

Question 14

failure training

Answer 14

• completing reps until failure within each set, or inability to complete more independent reps
• failure is thought to elicit greater muscle activation (especially at lower loads)

Question 15

partial rep training

Answer 15

training within a limited range of motion
1: partial long
2: partial short
3: full ROM

Question 16

current evidence for partial rep training

Answer 16

• strength and power gains favour full ROM
• less clear for hypertrophy
• partial reps effective when performed at long muscle lengths
  (possible due to passive-based increase in muscle force and accumulation of metabolites)

Question 17

fad-tastic

Answer 17

new trends emerge frequently in the fitness/health industry
- understanding how to evaluate new fads can be important to understand if/how they might be used