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PHARM 203 > Lecture 12 Eicosanoids & Cannabinoids > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Eicosanoids & Cannabinoids Flashcards

1
Q

What do Eicosanoids do?

A

Play an important role in inflammation

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2
Q

Eicosanoids are generated from what?

A

Arachidonic Acid (Fatty Acid Precursor)

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3
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Eicosanoid
Prostanoid

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4
Q

Thromboxanes

A

Eicosanoid
Prostanoid

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5
Q

Leukotriene

A

Eicosanoid

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6
Q

Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET)

A

Eicosanoid

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7
Q

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (How id AA made?)

A

Phospholipids –> Arachidonic Acid
Converted by Phospholipase A2

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8
Q

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (What does AA make?)

A

Lipoxygenases (5-lipoxygenase) converts AA –> HPETE
HPETE can be made into Leukotrienes

COX1/COX2 converts AA into Prostanoids

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9
Q

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (Prostanoids)

A

Depending on the environemnt and what enzymes are around Prostanoids are then converted into prostaglandins
Their are many types of Prostaglandins

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10
Q

Prostacyclin (Metabolism Path)

A

Prostanoid –> Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Initiated by Prostacyclin Synthase in Endothelium

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11
Q

Prostacyclin (Effects)

A

Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Vasodilator

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12
Q

Thromboxane (Metabolism Path)

A

Prostanoid –> Thromboxane (TXA2)

Initiated by Thromboxane Synthase in Platelets

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13
Q

Thromboxane (Effects)

A

Promotes Platelet Aggregation
Vasoconstriction

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14
Q

PGD2

A

Prostanoid

Vasodilation
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Relaxes GI and Uterus Muscles

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15
Q

PGE2

A

Main Inflammatory Prostanoid
Vasodilator
Decrease Blood Flow by heat (Pyrogenic)

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16
Q

PGF(2-alpha)

A

Uterine Contractions

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17
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1

Vasodilation

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18
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE2

Inhibits Gastric Acid secretion
Stimulates GI Muscous secretion

Uterine Contractions (Terminates Early Pregnancy)
Cervical Ripening/Dilation (Induce Labour)

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19
Q

Gemeprost

A

PGE2

Uterine Contractions (Terminates Early Pregnancy)

20
Q

Dinoprostone

A

PGE2

Cervical Ripening/Dilation (Induce Labour)

21
Q

Carboprost

A

PGF2-alpha

Uterine Contraction (Uses blood to cause)

22
Q

Latanoprost

A

PGF2-alpha

Uterine Contraction

Also contracts eye to release fluid

23
Q

Epoprostenol

A

PGI2

Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Vasodilator (Treats Hypertension)

24
Q

What are Leukotrienes made by?

A

White Blood Cells from arachidonic acid

25
Q

What are the two receptor types for Leukotrienes

A

BLT
CysLT

26
Q

LTB4

A

Binds to BLT receptors

Pro-inflammatory leukotriene
Stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis
Stimulates proliferation and cytokine production
By Macrophages and Lymphocytes

27
Q

Cysteinyl Leukotrienes

A

Binds to CysLT Receptors

Contract Bronchi Muscles
Contracts cornea

Vasodilation in most other vessels

28
Q

Zafirlukast

A

CysLT Receptor Antagonist

Treats Asthma (Prevents Bronchi Constriction)

29
Q

Montelukast

A

CysLT Receptor Antagonist

Treats Asthma (Prevents Bronchi Constriction)

30
Q

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

A

Main psychoactive compound in Cannabis

31
Q

CBD (Cannabinoid)

A

Non psychoactive compound in Cannabis, has some medicinal effects

32
Q

Subjective Effects of THC

A

Relaxation
Sharpened Sensory
Mimics Psychosis

33
Q

Objective Effects of THC

A

Increased Hunger

Impaired Motor Skills
Impaired Short-Term Memory

Antiemetic
Analgesia
Catalepsy

34
Q

Peripheral Effects of THC

A

Vasodilation (More in the eyes)
Bronchodilation
Decreased Intraocular Pressure

35
Q

Cannabinoid Receptor Types
What kind of receptors are they?

A

CB1 and CB2

Both are G-Protein (Gi or G0)
Inhibits AC
Inhibit voltage gated Ca2+ Channels

Hyperpolarization

36
Q

CB1 (Where)

A

Brain
Pre-Synaptic and inhibit transmitter release

Endothelial cells, adipocytes, peripheral nerves

37
Q

CB2 (Where)

A

Immune Cells

38
Q

When is COX-1 active

A

Constitutive (Active all the time)

39
Q

When is COX-2 active

A

Inducible (Activated by certain conditions)

40
Q

Endocannabinoids

A

Natural cannabinoids made in the body from phospholipids

Retrograde Mediators (Signals from Postsynaptic –> Presynaptic)

41
Q

Anandamide

A

Endocannabinoid

42
Q

2-arachidonyl glycerol

A

Endocannabinoid

43
Q

Endocannabinoids (Neuromodulatory Actions)

A

Nociception
Cardiovascular, GI, Respiratory Function
Food Intake/Appetite
Reproductive Function

44
Q

Nabiximols

A

CB Agonist
Mix of THC & CBD

Treats Pain

45
Q

Nabilone

A

Synthetic Cannabinoid

Treats Nausea and Vomitting associated with Chemotherapy

46
Q
A

PHARM 203 (19 decks)

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