Lecture 12: Communities: Species interactions Flashcards
define community
All populations of species living together in a particular area.
All organisms that do not photosynthesize ________, and all organisms are at risk of being eaten.
must eat other organisms
predator-prey interactions
Resource species killed by interaction and consumption is from the outside in
parasitoid-host interaction
resource species killed by interaction and consumption is from the inside out
herbivore-plant interaction
Resource species is an “autotroph” and is partially consumed but usually survives
parasite-host interaction
Resource species is an animal and is partially consumed by another animal but usually survives
pathogen-host
resource species is partially consumed by a microbe that causes disease in the host
how are species interactions dynamic
- Any particular interaction may shift category in the lifetime of individuals via development or over evolutionary time
- Duration of any given interaction can vary greatly
species interaction - what is in a feedback loop
- outcome of community interactions
- evolution of the characteristics of interacting species
explain the feedback loop of species interactions
- Community interactions are not static over time.
- Traits of species are evolving in direct response to community context
- community interactions can exert strong selection
- Adaptation can then shift the context and balance of community interactions, altering the outcome
- Adaptation can reinforce or destabilize interactions
what do abiotic factors favor
static or convergent adaptations for “fitting in” with the environment - typically forms of environmental tolerance.
what do biotic factors favor
diverse adaptations for “escaping” interactions with other species
what species interactions select for mutual adaptations in the participating species.
All species interactions except commensalism
define coevolution
- The reciprocal evolution in two or more interacting species with adaptations selected by their interaction
- an extremely widespread process
what represents antagonistic coevolution
evolutionarily coupled consumer-resource interactions