Lecture 12 - Anti-diabetic drugs 1

Question 1

Is insulin required in type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

Yes as no insulin is produced

Question 2

Is insulin required in type 2 diabetes?

Answer 2

Required when all other methods have failed to achieve good control

Question 3

What is the treatment aim for insulin?

Answer 3

Maintain blood glucose levels 4-9 mmol/L
Avoid hypoglycaemia

Question 4

Name the 3 types of inulin

Answer 4

Short-acting insulin - before meals
Intermediate-acting insulin - once or twice daily, before meals
Long-acting insulin - once or twice daily

Question 5

Which receptor does insulin activate?

Answer 5

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 6

What are the reasons for insulin resistance?

Answer 6

Cells can’t produce enough insulin
Cells are not able to respond to insulin

Question 7

What are the consequences of insulin resistance?

Answer 7

Elevated blood sugar -hyperglycaemia
Increased thirst and increased urination
fatigue and changes in appetite
Elevated triglycerides
Increase in fat stores
Low HDL ‘good’ cholesterol
associated with metabolic syndrome
PCOS
inflammation of the liver
hypertension
atherosclerosis and increased risk of CVD