Lecture 12 Flashcards
Anaerobic threshold:
Wkld causing a rapid increase in blood lactate indicating the upper limit of equilibrium b/w blood lactate production and clearance
Can be identified form the inflection point of either [lactic acid] or the VE/VO2 ratio
Ventilatory threshold:
Point at which Ve and co2 output begin to increase exponentially
Lactate threshold:
1st wkld at which there is a sustained increase in blood lactate above resting values
Anaerobic threshold represents…
The highest intensity of ‘sustainable’ ex
Interval training
Organising ex into intermittent bouts of higher and lower intensity efforts rather than one continuous bout
Interval training adv
Enable an accumulation of a greater training stimulus at high ex intensities
Interval training options
Work interval duration Work intensity Recovery interval duration Recovery intensity Total work duration
vVO2max (velocity achieved at vo2max) =
a function of an indv’s vo2max and ex economy
has shown to be an important determinant of endur performance
training can increase vvo2max w/out change in vo2max
Children
6-17years
physiologically adaptive to endur ex training, RT and bone loading ex
physiologic responses to actute, graded ex are qualitatively similar to those seen in adults
children ex physiological responses:
absolute o2uptake – lower relative o2 uptake – higher HR – higher Q – lower SV – lower Systolic BP – lower Diastolic BP – lower Respiratory rate – higher Tidal volume – lower Minute ventilation – lower Respiratory exchange ratio – lower
Children aerobic exercise
Daily, mod-vig 3d/wk, >60min, running, dancing, active play
Children muscle strengthening ex
3d/wk, part of 60min ex, structure e.g. weights or unstructured e.g. tug of war
bone strengthening ex children
3d/wk, part of 60min, running, jumping, tennis
Pregnancy ExRx
Acute physiological responses to ex are generally increased during pregnancy
Ex encouraged where contraindications are not present
Regular ex during pregnancy provides health/fitness benefits to mother and child
May also reduce risk of dev conditions associated w/ pregnancy e.g. pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus
Relative contraindications pregnancy *
Sever anemia Unevaluated maternal cardiac dysrhythmia Chronic bronchitis Poorly controlled type 2 DM Extreme morbid obesity Extreme underweight Hx of extremely sedentary lifestyle Intrauterine growth restriction in current pregnancy Poorly controlled hypertension Orthopedic limitations Poorly controlled seizure disorder Poorly controlled hyperthyroidism Heavy smoker
Absolute contraindications pregnancy **
Hemodynamically sig heart disease
Restrictive lung disease
Incompetent cervix/cerclage
Multiple gestation at risk for premature labor
Persistent second or third trimester bleeding
Placenta previa after 26wk of gestation
Premature labor during the current pregnancy
Ruptured membranes
Preeclampsia/pregnancy-induced hypertension
Pregnancy maximal ex testing
Should not be performed
If necessary, medical supervision required
Pregnancy physiologic responses
Oxygen uptake – increase HR – increase SV – increase Q – increase Tidal volume – increase minute ventilation – increase BP – no change/decrease
Pregnancy ExRx
3-4d/wk, mod-light intensity, >15min/day gradually increasing to max 30min/day, max 120min/week, 10-15minwarmup/cooldown
dynamic rhythmic activites use large muscl groups
Elderly
> 65yr and 50-64yr w/ clinically sig conditions of physical limitations that affect mvmt, PF, PA
least physically active of all age groups =
older adults. 22% and 11% or >/65 and >/85 yrs engage in regular pa
effects of ageing
resting HR – unchanged max HR – lower max Q – lower resting & ex BP – higher residual volume – higher vital capacity – lower reaction time – slower muscular strength – lower flexibility – lower bone mass – lower fat-free body mass – lower % body fat – higher glucose tolerance – lower recovery time – longer
*Q. what considerations should you take into account when undertaking ex testing on elderly?
Balance, coordination, eyesight, slower recovery time, motivation/compliance
Elderly Aerobic ExRx
> 5d/wk mod, >3d/wk vigorous, RPE 5-6mod, 7-8vig, 30-60min/d mod, 20-30 vig, min 10min bouts, total 150-300min/week mod or 75-100min/week vig
any modality that does not impose excessive orthopedic stress
elderly muscle strengthening/endurance ExRx
2d/wk, light-mod, progressive weight bearing training program or weight bearing calisthenics, stair climbing, major muscles
elderly flexibility ExRx
2d/wk, stretch to point of tightness slight discomfort, hold for 30-60s, static rather than ballistic
