Lecture 12

Question 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
caused by what two things?

Answer 1

1. Decreased Ve/Q ratio (ventilation/perfusion)
   -Mucus in bronchioles
   -Destroyed alveolar walls
2. Increased Vd/Vt ratio (dead space/tidal V)
   -More dead space than usual during exercise

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Inflammation/muscle tightening around airways

Question 3

Bronchitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of bronchial tubes

Question 4

Pneumonia

Answer 4

Inflammation of alveoli, alveoli fill with mucus

Question 5

Emphysema

Answer 5

Alveoli inner walls are destroyed, creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
-Reduces surface area for gas exchange

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

Low Hb-O2 content
-Less red blood cells
-Less Hb concentration within RBCs

Question 7

Carboxyhemoglobinemia

Answer 7

Decreased O2 carrying capacity due to breathing in high amounts of carbon monoxide
-Hb has a 200x higher affinity to CO than O2
-

Question 8

Chest wall abnormalities

Answer 8

Depression of the sternum/anterior ribs:
-3:1 more prevalent in males than females

Question 9

Mastectomy

Answer 9

Surgery to remove breast (to remove cancer)

Question 10

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 10

Blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries
-Typically from an embolus from the legs