Lecture 12

Question 1

Galen of Pergamum

Answer 1

• Vascular systems carry blood, not air
• Vivisections of ‘lower’ animals due to prohibition of human use

Question 2

Andreas Vesaluis

Answer 2

‘Humanized’ Galen’s work

Question 3

William Harvey

Answer 3

Used many vivisected ectotherms to demonstrate and define circulatory systems

Question 4

Francois Magendie

Answer 4

Publicly performed fundamental work on spinal systems, neuromuscular functions and pharmacology with vivisections

Question 5

Five principles of physiological investigations (1835)

Answer 5

1.) Experimentation should only occur if information cannot be obtained through observations
2.) Experiments should not be performed without clear, defined, and obtainable objectives
3.) Scientists must be knowledgable about literature to avoid unnecessary repetition
4.) Experiments shoud be carried out with the least possible degree of sufferance, ideally using lower or less sentient animals
5.) Experimental deigns should lead to clear results to avoid unnecessary repetition

Question 6

Sentient

Answer 6

The capacity to the experience feelings and have cognitive abilities like awareness and emotions

Question 7

CCAC (Canadian council of animal care

Answer 7

Establishes guidelines for animal research and education used by most Canadian institutions based primarily on the 3Rs (1968)

Question 8

The 3Rs

Answer 8

1.) Replacement
2.) Reduction
3.) Refinement

Question 9

Replacement

Answer 9

Avoid using animals or replace sentient animals

Question 10

Reduction

Answer 10

Use fewer animals without compromising the welfare of the animals that are necessary to collect the experimental data

Question 11

Refinement

Answer 11

Reduce pain and distress within the animals before, during and after the experimentation

Question 12

Pain

Answer 12

An aversive sensation and feeling associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Question 13

Nociception sensory systems

Answer 13

• Relay pain along the nervous system
  
  • Involuntary rapid reflex response that may not pose negative emotional responses or painful feeling
  • There is no pain in nervous relay, the pain is within the emotional context

Question 14

Wound treatment

Answer 14

• Concealed, groomed and in some cases skin or tissue is removed

Question 15

Public helps shape

Answer 15

1.) Funding through taxation
2.) Political landscape and regulations
3.) Local animal care committees
4.) The empathy towards particular animals
5.) How science is adopted