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Cardiovascular System Module > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulation pathway of the blood?

A

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, vena cava

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2
Q

What happens in terms of blood flow when the heart stops?

A

Some of the blood goes to the heart, some stay in the veins, some in blood vessels

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3
Q

What do you need in order for blood to move through the capillaries?

A

Resistance

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4
Q

What is higher than central venous pressure?

A

Arterial pressure is higher

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5
Q

What is compliance?

A

A change in volume accommodated per unit change of pressure

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6
Q

Is venous more complaint than the arterial side?

A

Yes the ratio is 19:1

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7
Q

Why is the venous side more complaint than the arterial side?

A

Because it can expand to accommodate a larger volume of pressure compared to the arterial side

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8
Q

Describe the arterial side?

A

Arteries are much muscular so are going to expand

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9
Q

What is the cardiac output in L?

A

5L per minute

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10
Q

What is the equation for peripheral resistance (R)?

A

R = (MAP-CVP)/Qr

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11
Q

What happens to blood flow in a cardiac arrest?

A

Flow becomes 0 litres per minutes - beats beforehand can keep pumping, get a trickle of blood going to the venous system

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12
Q

What needs to happen to the pressure in a cardiac arrest?

A

Need to have a change in pressure in the venous and arterial side in order to accommodate the volume of blood - will have a balance point where the volume across the system is both 0

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13
Q

What happens to the pressure in the arterial side compared to the venous side during a cardiac arrest?

A

The pressure in the arterial side increases much more than the increase in the venous side due to the property of compliance

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14
Q

What happens as cardiac output decreases?

A

Venous pressure increases

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15
Q

What happens as the arterial pressure falls below 0?

A

The veins begin to collapse

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16
Q

What happens to blood volume in terms of a haemorrhage?

A

Decrease in blood volume and decrease in cardiac output

17
Q

What does vasa constriction do?

A

Central venous pressure stays the same but change in cardiac pressure (decreases)

18
Q

What happens in vasa dilation?

A

Central venous pressure stays the same but CO increases

19
Q

What does the vascular function curve do?

A

Defines Changes in central venous pressure evoked by changes in cardiac output

20
Q

What is the dependent or independent variable on the vascular function curve?

A

Dependent = central venous pressure, independent = cardiac output

21
Q

What is the expression of frank starling law on cardiac function curves?

A

Reflects the relationship between ventricular filling and strength of contraction

22
Q

What does increase in HR and contractility do to the afterload?

A

Decreases

23
Q

What does decrease in HR and contractility do to the afterload?

A

Increases afterload

24
Q

What are factors that influence preload?

A

Increase in central venous pressure, aortic pressure, ventricular compliance, atrial contractility and decrease in heart rate

25
Q

What is the Guyton model?

A

Coupling of the cardiac and vascular fucntion

26
Q

What does circulation do?

A

Maintains blood flow - same flow in all vessels

27
Q

What is the pulmonary system like?

A

A low pressure system overall

28
Q

What are the terminal arteries and arterioles?

A

Are the main site of resistance

29
Q

What is reduction in velocity of flow for?

A

It is protective for smaller vessels

30
Q

What determines flow in a vessel?

A

The poiseuilles law - resistance to steady laminar flow

31
Q

What are vascular intercellular connections?

A

Smooth muscle cell to smooth muscle cell = human myometrial resistance artery and endothelial cell to smooth muscle cell = myodenothelial junction

32
Q

What is the myoendothelial junction important for?

A

Human resistance artery

33
Q

How does smooth muscle contract?

A

Contraction occurs by sliding interaction of actin containing thin filaments and myosin containing thick filaments

34
Q

What is a spindle?

A

A smooth shaped muscle cell - actin filaments are anchored to the dense band

Cardiovascular System Module (18 decks)

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