lecture 12

Question 1

Descirbe Freud’s Gential stage

Answer 1

• period where people reach psychosexual maturity
• puberty awakens sexual drive
• primary developmental task is to channle the libido into a healthy sexual relationship

Question 2

Describe Erikson’s stage of pyschosocial

Answer 2

• identity vs role confusion
• identity: understanding of one’s unique characteristics
• going through identity crisis

Question 3

Describe Marcia’s theory of identity achivement

Answer 3

• 2 parts: crisis and commitment
• crisis: a period of decision making when old values and choices are re-examined
• 4 identity statuses
  1. identity achievement: the person has been through a crisis and reached achievement
  2. moratorium: crisis no commitment
  3. foreclosure: commiment without a crisis
  4. identity diffusion: no crisis, no commitment

Question 4

What is the influence of gender roles on self-concept?

Answer 4

• idea of having feminine and masculine traits
• either an androgynous or masculine gender-role identity is associated with higher self-esteem among both boys and girls
• “masculine bias” in Western scoieties = valued more

Question 5

Explain Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

Answer 5

1. preconventional reasoning: judgements based on sources of authority
2. conventional reasoning: judgements based on rules or normal of a group
3. Postconventional reasoning: judgments based on emergence of perosnal authority