lecture 10

Question 1

What stage is this development in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 1

• Latency stage
• forming emotional bonds with peers’ to move beyone those that wre developed with parents in earlier years
• time fore exploration
• building self-confidence

Question 2

What stage is this in Erkison’s Psychoanaytic perspectives

Answer 2

• Industry vs inferiority
• develope a sense of their own competence through mastery of culturally defined learning tasks
• school is important, 6-12 yr olds must learn to read and write

Question 3

Explain the Trait perspective

define: the Big Five and the four personality types

Answer 3

trait- stable pattern of responding to situations
- big five: set of major dimensions of personality
- conscientiousness
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
- openess
- extraversion
- contribute to the development of feelings of competence
- 4 personality types: average, reserved, self-centered, role model

Question 4

Describe the Social-Cognitive Perspective

Answer 4

• Bandura’s reciprocal determinism
• environment, person, behavioru
• provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive the development of self-efficacy

Question 5

How do children see their psychological self

what is it and the factors that contribute?

Answer 5

• understanding one’s stable, internal traits and self-judgments of compentency
• becomes more complex, more cimparative, more tied to interal feelings and ideas
• factors
  1. obersve peers modeling the behaviour and compare themselves - Vicarious experiences
  2. encouragement/dis on a individuals ability from knowlegeable people that children value and respect - verbal persuasion
  3. postive and negative experiences to certain tasks - performance outcomes
  4. experience emotional happiness, feeling healthy and well - physiological feedback

Question 6

How do children see their valued self?

Answer 6

• self-esteem: global evalution of one’s own self worth
• low discrepancy b/w ideal and acutal self and social support influences self-esteem
• meaningfulness - having an understanding of spiritual self

Question 7

How is children at this stage relationship with parents

Answer 7

• still important
• parents recognize children’s self-regulation
• which, parents own ability, degree of self-regulation expected, and authoritiative parentsing styles infulence this growth for independency

Question 8

What are differences in girls and boys friend groups at this age?

Answer 8

boys:
- larger and more accpeting
- involve more outfoor play
- more competition and dominance b/w pairs of friends than strangers
girls:
- smaller, more exclusive
- involve more indor play
- more competition b/w strangers than friends

Question 9

Descirbe the Social status among peers

what are the 3 main groups

Answer 9

1. popular
2. rejected
3. neglected

Question 10

Descirbe Piaget’s moral reasoning

Answer 10

• moral reasoning is the process of making judgements about the rightness or wrongness of specific acts
  1. moral realism stage: children believe rules are inflexible - punish for punishment sake 5/6-8yr old
  2. moral relativism: children understand that many rules can be changed through social agreement - punishment should fit the crime, starts looking at intentions
• changes in egocentricism and social interactions with peers, increases perspective taking = cognitive maturation