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MHCHB3: Special Senses > Lecture 12 & 13: Face and Parotid > Flashcards

Lecture 12 & 13: Face and Parotid Flashcards

1
Q

What does SCALP stand for?

A

S -> Skin
C -> Connective tissue (dense)
A -> Aponeurotic layer
L -> Loose connective tissue
P -> Pericranium

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2
Q

What innervates the ant. aspect of the cranium?

A

Supratrochlear and supra-orbital nerves (Ant->Post)

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3
Q

What innervates the lateral aspect of the cranium?

A

Zygomaticotemporal n.
Auriculotemporal n.

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4
Q

What innervates the post. aspect of the cranium?

A

Greater occipital nerve (post->ant direction)

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5
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A

Platysma
Occipitofrontalis
Auricularis muscles
Orbicularis occuli
Buccinator
Oribicularis oris

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6
Q

What two groups of muscles work together to ensure the lips are angulated?

A

Levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris

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7
Q

Where does the parotid gland sit?

A
  • Sits lateral aspect inferior to ear.
  • Sometimes extends below the mandible
  • Sits on ramus of mandible, on top of masseter muscle
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8
Q

Describe the innervation of the parotid:

A

Sensory: V3 (Gland), C2 (parotid fascia (investing fascaia) (thus pain location changes)

Secretomotor; PSNS fibres: CN IX mainly & V3

SNS: Superior cervical ganglion vi ECA and MMA

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9
Q

Describe the location of the parotid duct:

A

Parotid duct:
- Leaves ant. border, travels over masster, bends 90 Degrees, penetrating buccinator and opens next to second molar

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10
Q

Why is the facial nerve important when it comes to the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve exits via styloid mastoid foramen then leaves to parotid gland before branching.

Surgery / trauma can severely damage it

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11
Q

Describe the branches of the facial nerve:

A

Branches:

Temporozygomatic:

  • > Temporal (if damaged cant shut eyes)
  • > Zygomatic
  • > Buccal

Cervicofacial

  • > Marginal mandibular (if damaged lower lip droops) (bells palsy)
  • > Cervical

Temporal and marginal mandibular are very superficial

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12
Q

Whats superficial and deep to the facial nerve?

A

Superficial:
- Parotid gland

Deep:

  • Ext. carotid art
  • Retromandibular vein
  • Styloid

Facial nerve exits between styloid and mastoid before travelling through parotid gland

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13
Q

Using surface anatomy where approximately would the parotid duct be?

A

Line between concha of ear and corner of mouth ~1/2 way

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14
Q

What drains the ant. aspect of the head?

A

Submental and submandibular nodes

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15
Q

What drains the lateral aspect of the head?

A

Pre-auricular and parotid nodes

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16
Q

What drains the posterior aspect of the head?

A
  • Mastoid nodes
  • Occipital nodes

Both of which drain into the upper cervical nodes

17
Q

Whys it important to know the trigeminal branches?

A

Because skin cancer is common in NZ and can travel up these nerves:

  • V1 = Upper face
  • V2 = Middleface
  • V3 = Lower face and lateral temporal aspect
18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
Q
A
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
A
  1. Orbiularis occuli
  2. Auricularis (Sup)
  3. Occipitofrontalis muscle
  4. Platysma
24
Q
A
  1. Orbicularis oris
  2. Masseter
  3. Buccinator
25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A
  1. Temporalzygomatic Branch
  2. Cervicofacial Branch

A. Temporal

B. Zygomatic

C. Buccal

D. Marginal Mandibular

E. Cervical

31
Q

Describe the relation of the facial nerve to the structures in and around the parotid gland:

A
32
Q

What are the borders of the parotid gland?

A

Ant: Masseter and ramus of mandible

Post: Mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid

Sup: Zygomatic arch

Medial: Stylohyloid, stylopharyngeas, styloglossus muscle, external carotid branches: Superficial temporal art & maxillary art.

33
Q

What are the five divisions of the facial nerve once it leaves the parotid gland:

A

Temporal branch: (muscles of facial expression of eye)

Zygomatic branch (obicularis occuli)

Buccal branch : (Facial expression below orbit, above chin)

Marginal mandibular branches: Risorious muscle (smiling) + lower lip and chin.

Cervical branch: Platysma of neck

34
Q

What artery runs with the parotid duct?

A

Transverse facial artery (branch of superficial temporal artery)

35
Q

Describe the blood supply of the parotid gland:

A

Branch of the internal carotid:

  • Superificial temporal artery ->Transverse facial artery Supplys the gland and duct)
  • Maxillary artery

(draw diagram)

36
Q

What is freys syndrome?

A

Damage to the auriculotemporal nerve that results in uncontrolled sweating (of the head) when eating spicy food

37
Q

What infection causes swelling of the partoid gland?

A

Mumps

MHCHB3: Special Senses (13 decks)

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