Lecture 11B Flashcards
Effective against either gram + or -
Narrow spectrum
Effective against both gram + and -
Broad spectrum
What is the job of Penicillin’s?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Is Penicillin’s bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
Beta lactam Antibiotics include…
Penicillin and Cephalosporins
Beta lactamase is also known as
Bacterial enzymes
If a bacteria produces beta lactamase, what does it inhibit?
I reduces the effectiveness of certain antibiotics
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid makes…
Clavamox
True or false: Clavulanic acid is a B-lactamase inhibitor
True
True or false: allergic reactions are most likely to occur in Penicillin’s
True
What animals should not recieve oral Penicillin because it causes diarrhea?
Horses, rabbits, or guinea pigs
What is the trade name for Amoxicillin?
Amoxi tab®️ or Amoxi drop®️
What is Amoxicillin used to treat?
Abscesses, UTI, and URI
Adverse reactions of Amoxicillin
GI upset and high doses can cause neurotoxicity
This is added to Procaine Penicillin to extend the dosing interval; 1 dose every 3 days
Benzathine
True or false: white liquids should never be given SQ
False; they should never go IV
These antibiotics are Beata-lactam’s that disrupt the cell wall and are closely related to Penicillin’s
Cephalosporins
Are Cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
True or false: 4th generation Cephalosporins are more gram + that 1st generation
False; they are more gram -
What is the generic name for Rilexine®️?
Cephalexin
What is the trade name for Ceftiofur?
Naxcel®️
What is the trade name for Cefovecin?
Convenia®️
How many doeses of Cefovecin should be given?
1 dose the last 2 weeks
What species is Cefovecin good for?
It is great for cats
Are Tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bacteriostatic
Tetracyclines are used to treat…
Tick borne diseases and to control tear staining
What are the adverse reactions of Tetracyclines?
Yellow to brown staining of the tooth enamel, fever hairloss and depression in cats, hepatic/renal toxicity
Why should Tetracyclines not be given with milk products?
I decreases absorption
What is the trade name for Doxycycline?
Doxirobe®️ or Virbramycin®️
Doxycycline is used to treat
Lyme disease, inflammation, and skin infections
This drug is not approved for use in horses because it can alter the GI flora. If given too rapidly, they could die
Doxycycline
Are Aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
True or false: Aminoglycosides should never be given orally because it has poor absorption
True
Gentamicin, Amikacin, and Neomycin are all…
Aminoglycosides
What is the trade name for Gentamicin?
Gentocin®️
What is the trade name for Amikacin?
Amiglyde V®️
What can Amikacin cause in cats?
Deafness
True or false: Neomycin should not be used as an injectable
True
True or false: Gentamicin can be used extra label
False; it should not be used extra label per AVMA
Why should Gentamicin not be used in rabbits
It causes nephrotoxicity
What are the adverse reactions of Gentamicin?
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and acute renal disease withing 1 week
Contraindication for Gentamicin
Should not be used in renal insufficiency or severely dehydrated patients
Is Fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
This antibiotic is safe for use in rabbits
Fluoroquinolones
Adverse reactions of Fluoroquinolones
Alterations in cartilage growth/production- do not use in large breed dogs less than 18 months and small breed dogs less than 8 months, retinal detachment in cats with high doses, seizures, V/D
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
Baytril®️(enrofloxacin), Orbax®️(Orbifloxacin), Zeniquin®️(Marbofloxacin)
