Lecture Flashcards
Sex Negativity
belief that sex is inherently bad
Sex Positivity
In doing so allows us to stop questioning our own normality
it looks like changing the way we speak and clarity in language and meaning
Sources of Knowledge
parents
friends
books and pictures
movies and TV
Career Based
sexuality is a central part of who we are
intergrating knowledge
Gender
the constellation of cognitive, behavioural and personality traits that different between the sexes
Sexuality
is defined as an integral part if the personality of everyone: man, women and child it is a basic need and aspect of being humans that cannot be sepearted from other aspects of life
Sex is about relationships
- sexual relationships are diverse
- real sexual relationships are not ideal relationships
- sexual behaviour and relationships take place in a moral context
- media context
To evaluate accuracy you would
check sources
look at more credible sources
primary sucess
Social Comparison Theory (1954, Festinger)
people learn about their own abilities and attitudes by comparing themselves to other people
4 types of descriptive research
- Naturalistic Observation
- Lab Observation
- Case Studies
- Surverys and interviews
experimental research
random assignment group, manipulations and control groups
Theory
consists of a set of ideas or concepts that are used to explain a set of observed facts
Sociobology
the hypothesis that evaluation has shaped human and animal behaviour
Evolutionary Psychology
according to this theory because me and women play very different biological roles in reproduction they also have different strategies for passing on their genes
also suggests that men and women will be attracted to different attributes in their mating partners
Erotic Plasticity
refers to the influence of social and cultural forces on sex drive and expression of sexual behaviour
Evidence shown:
- individual women show greater variation than men in sexual behaviour
- women seem to be more responsive then men to most specific cultural factors
- Men’s sexual behaviour is more consistent with their sexual attitudes than women
psychoanalysis
developed by freud who believed that we are all born with biologically based sex drives that must be channelled through socially approved outlets if family and social life are to carry on without undue conflict
erogenous zones
the ideas that many parts of the body not just the genitals are responsive to sexual stimulation
psychosexual development
where by children undergo five stages corresponding to the main erogenous zones (oral,anal, phallic, latency and genitals)
learning theories
incoporated behaviourist and cognitive approaches
behaviourism
originated with scholars such as watson and skinners who emphasized the importance of studying observable behaviours and the role of rewards and punishments in the learning process
social learning theory
explains behaviour as a cognitive process that takes place in a social enviornment
social cognitive theory
is an expansion of social learning, it describes learning as taking place through continuous interactions between, behaviour the enviornment and cognition
sexual script theory
suggests that as we grow up we learn scripts from our social environment for how men and women should behave sexually
social exchange theory
has been utilized to study sexuality within relationships and consists of 3 basic assumptions:
- social behaviour is a series of exchanges
- individuals attempts to maximize their rewards and minimize the cost
- when individuals receive rewards from others, they feel obligated to reciporocate
feminist theory
explores inequalities in gender and gender relations: analyze the relationship between sexism, heterosexism, racism and class oppression and explore means of resistance on individual and societal levels
Steps to answer psychological questions
- formulating a research questions
- framing the research question in the form of a hypothesis
- testing the hypothesis
- drawing the conclusion
quantitive research
emphasizes systematic investigation and the use of objective measure
statistical significance
to indicate that a difference or relationship between variable exists and that it isn’t occuring by chance
qualitative research
is often conducted with the aim of understanding a phenomenon
8 different variables of gender
- gonadal gender
- prenatal hormonal gender
- prenatal & neonatal brain differentiation
- internal organ
- external genital apperance
- pubertal hormonal gender
- assigned gender
- gender identity
Two of the most common conditions:
congaital adrenal hyperplasia (CHA) and condrogon insasitority syndrome
Intersex
is a term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definition of a male or female
Triangular theory of love
Dr. Sternberg
3 fundamental components: Intimacy, passion and commitment
evidence: commitment increases as relationships progresses, behavioural intimacy decreases as familiarity increases, intimacy most closely related to sexual behaviour
scientific support: global study, 25 different countries, n=7332 individuals in relationships
Attachment Theory & Love
early attachment patterns seem to mirror adult romances
4 attachment styles: secure, preoccupied, dismissing and fearful
Love as a story
stories show our beliefs about love and relationships
these stories shape our beliefs because they are more than just stories, they give us guidance to life
What are the 3 ways to measure Sexual Orentation
attractions
identity
behaviour
gender identity
psychological perception/personal sense of being
sexual orentation
direction of one’s erotic attractions
sexual identity
how one defines oneself sexually, sense of their sexual anatomy
Kinsey study findings
37% of all men have had same sex experince at least once in their adulthood
13% in women
depends on the definition we use
NHSLS & CCHS (partners, sexual idenitiy, sexual attraction)
CCHS 18-60 year olds
NHSLS: 93% and 95% only opposite gender
Typological Conceptualization
- the typology: heterosexual and homosexual (two distinct categories)
- kinsey’s continuum: conceptualize it differently, there are variations on a continuum
- two dimensional schema (storm 1980) (high/low heteroticism and homotroticism
CDC 2019 findings
seems to be a rise in identification of lgtqb+ high schoolers asking behaviour and identity
2015-2017 GLB increased from 8.3% to 11.1%
girls > boys
in 2019 more girls are more likely to identify as GLB then boys
no statstical change in same sex identity, behaviour does not change
things to understand attitudes in culture
