Lecture 11 - Social media literacy

Question 1

Why do you have to be literate in media?

Answer 1

• It is often seen as a requirement for self-determined media use.
  Studied as a potential buffering factor in various areas: excessive usage, fake news dissemination, privacy, and negative effects of body image representations, but also against persuasion attempts!

Question 2

Media literacy definition

Answer 2

Literacy: narrow and common sense – being able to write and read. Today we are talking about many different types of ‘literacies’.
Media literacy: traditionally focused on print and audiovisual media. Today mostly focused on Internet and social media.

Question 3

Media literacy - Acces

Answer 3

• ability to access and use media and its features.
• has to be viewed as a dynamic and social process, not a one-off act of hardware provision.
• Needs to be evaluated in terms of the ongoing quality of provision in media contents and services.

Question 4

Media literacy - Analysis

Answer 4

• ability to analyze media content (e.g., underlying goals, meaning, etc.).
• But sustained and satisfactory engagement with symbolic texts rests on a range of analytic competencies.
• Media analysis requires being competent in and motivated toward relevant cultural traditions and values.

Question 5

Media literacy - Evaluation

Answer 5

• ability to distinguish dated, biased, fake, or exploitative sources,
• But also, being able to select intelligently when overwhelmed by an abundance of information and services.
• Rests on a substantial body of knowledge regarding the broader social, cultural, economic, political, and historical contexts in which media content is produced.

Question 6

Media literacy - Create

Answer 6

• ability to create and design messages, including audience awareness, impact, consequences.
• Media are also tools for communication for the ‘voiceless’.
• Today, content creation is easier than ever.

Question 7

Social media literacy

Answer 7

The extent to which cognitive and affective structures are present among users to ensure the risks of interactions with social media content are mitigated and the opportunities are maximized.

Question 8

Cognitive structures

Answer 8

Sets of organized knowledge in the user’s memory that provide
the user with sufficient resources to process social media content adequately. Knowing things and how to do those things.

Question 9

Affective structures

Answer 9

Sets of organized emotions in the users’ memory which guide
(spontaneous) emotions in response to using social media

Question 10

SMILE model

Answer 10

foto.

Question 11

Assumptie 1 van SMILE model

Answer 11

• social media literacy as a moderator
• Literate users have a thorough understanding of the negative effects that one’s own behaviors and certain content types of others could trigger.
• They are in control of their affective responses towards these behaviors and contents.

Question 12

Assumptie 2 van SMILE model

Answer 12

• social media literacy as a predictor
• Social media literacy shapes social media content preferences, i.e. exposure to social media content of others and one’s own social media behavior.
• It also shapes access and how social media is used.

Question 13

Core competencies media literacy

Answer 13

1 find and acces
2 critically evaluate
3 generate
4 reflect
5 perpetuate prosocial behavioral norms

Question 14

Domains

Answer 14

Question 15

Online privacy literacy

Answer 15

Online privacy literacy mainly conceptualized as knowledge.
- Factual knowledge: knowing things. Knowledge about economical, technical, and legal aspects of online privacy and data protection.
- Procedural knowledge: knowing how. Knowledge about privacy and data protection strategies (e.g., how to restrict access to information).

Question 16

Social media literacy onderzoek results (Tamplin, 2018)

Answer 16

• Exposure to appearance ideal social media negatively affected body satisfaction.
• This effect was observed in both women and men.
• High levels of commercial social media literacy was protective for women only.
• No protective effects were observed for men.
• Higher media literacy leads to higher body satisfaction after seeing the pictures

Question 17

benefits social media literacy

Answer 17

• Social media literacy may prevent negative effects of social comparison
• It may help individual users to evaluate messages on online social media
• Buffering factor against negative effects on body image?
• Buffering factor against social norm and bandwagon effect?

Question 18

Self-determination / benefits of online privacy literacy

Answer 18

• enables individual data protection
• Enhances critial thinking
• Could protect against persuasion attempts
• Overall protects against targeting and mass surveillance