Lecture 11: Digestion, transport and Storage of Lipids Flashcards
Enzymes that act on lipids are _____\_ proteins or membrane proteins at aqueous interface
Enzymes that act on lipids are soluable proteins or membrane proteins at aqueous interface
Digestion of lipids occurs mainly in the ____\_with absorption in the _________\_
Digestion of lipids occurs mainly in the Duodenum with absorption in the small intestine
_________\_ solubilize dietary lipids aiding digestion.
Synthesized from cholesterol and stored in ________\_
Bile Salts solubilize dietary lipids aiding digestion.
Synthesized from cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder
Bile Salts _____\_(break into smaller droplets) lipids to allow ___\_ to break down triglycerides
Bile Salts emulsify lipids to allow pancreatic lipase to break down triglycerides
Orlistat/Xenical pancreatic lipase _____\_
Orlistat/Xenical pancreatic lipase inhibitor
Free Fatty Acids, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, cholesterol, phospholipids and other lipids form _______\_ with bile salts.
Free Fatty Acids, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, cholesterol, phospholipids and other lipids form mixed micelles with bile salts.
Micelles are able to enter ____\_cells by _____\_ diffusion where its components are reassembled and released into ________\_ vessels and transported to the liver and other tissues
Micelles are able to enter enterocyte cells by facilitated diffusion where its components are reassembled and released into lipoprotein vessels and transported to the liver and other tissues
Plant sterols and stanols reduce cholesterol absorption in the gut by _______\_ inhibition
Plant sterols and stanols reduce cholesterol absorption in the gut by competitive inhibition
Chylomicrons:
- Form in the ______\_
- Enter _______\_ prior to circulation
- Composed primarily of __________,_80-90%
- Major function is to transport TG’s to tissues
Chylomicrons:
- Form in the intestines
- Enter Lymphatic system prior to circulation
- Composed primarily of _Triglycerides,_80-90%
- Major function is to transport TG’s to tissues
Chylomicron triglycerides are hydrolyzed by _____________in endothelial cells
Chylomicron triglycerides are hydrolyzed by Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in endothelial cells
_______\_ is required for the activation of Lipoprotein Lipase
Apo-C-II is required for the activation of Lipoprotein Lipase
______________: Transports TG’s from the liver to adipose tissue for storage or peripheral tissue for utilization. 50-60% TG’s
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL): Transports TG’s from liver to adipose tissue for storage or peripheral tissue for utilization 50-60% TG’s
__________________:
- major cholesterol carrier to peripheral tissues 40-50% CL
- 40% transferred to tissues in need of CL for biosynthesis. ie. _______\_
- 60% taken up by _____\_ for recycling
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL):
major cholesterol carrier to peripheral tissues 40-50% CL
40% transferred to tissues in need of CL for biosynthesis. ie. Steroid Hormones
60% taken up by liver for recycling
____________:
- The major function is to transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for disposal (Reverse cholesterol transport).
- Contains many apolipoproteins as well as other proteins
High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL):
- The major function is to transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for disposal (Reverse cholesterol transport).
- Contains many apolipoproteins as well as other proteins
______________: mutations of LDL receptor or ApoB100 genes leads to excess cholesterol accumulation in the skin (cutaneous and articular xanthomas) and a high rate of cardiac failure. Managed with diet and lifestyle changes as well as statins and LDL apheresis (removal)
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: mutations of LDL receptor or ApoB100 genes leads to excess cholesterol accumulation in the skin (cutaneous and articular xanthomas) and a high rate of cardiac failure. Managed with diet and lifestyle changes as well as statins and LDL apheresis (removal)
