Lecture 10: Lipid Structure and Classification Flashcards
Lipids are non-polar and soluble in ____\_solvents but NOT ____\_
Lipids are non-polar and soluble in organic solvents but NOT water
Function of lipids:
- _______\_ in biological membranes
- _______\_, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols
- vitamins and hormones
- _______\_ aid in lipid solubilization
- signalling molecules
Function of lipids:
- structural components in biological membranes
- energy reserves, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols
- vitamins and hormones
- bile acids aid in lipid solubilization
- signalling molecules
Fatty acids are made of long hydrocarbon chains with terminal __________\_ group
Fatty acids are made of long hydrocarbon chains with terminal Carboxylate (COO-) group
Fatty acid with 1 C-C Double bond
Monounsaturated (MUFA): Fatty acid with 1 C-C Double bond
Fatty acid with 2 or more C-C Double bonds
Polyunsaturated (PUFA): Fatty acid with 2 or more C-C Double bonds
FA Saturation is an important determinant of membrane ________
FA Saturation is an important determinant of membrane fluidity
Humans cannot introduce double bonds into FA’s after __\_.
Humans cannot introduce double bonds into FA’s after C9.
ARA and EPA are essential and must be consumed in diet. They serve as precursors for the synthesis of eicosanoids and are synthesized from ____\_and ____\_ acid respectively
Function as local signaling molecules and play important roles in ________
ARA and EPA are essential and must be consumed in diet. They serve as precursors for the synthesis of eicosanoids and are synthesized from Linoleic and Linolenic acid respectively
Function as local signaling molecules and play important roles in inflammation
C-C double bonds in naturally occurring FA are ____\_
C-C double bonds in naturally occurring FA are cis
The final carbon of a fatty acid chain is always known as: _____\_
Final carbon of a fatty acid chain is always known as Omega (w)
Triacylglycerols (triglycerides):
Glycerol ______\_ to 3 Fatty Acids
Energy-dense stored in ____\_ tissue: insulation
Highly _____\_ form of carbon (38kj about 2x protein)
No solvation takes up less space
Triacylglycerols (triglycerides):
Glycerol Esterified to 3 Fatty Acids
Energy-dense stored in adipose tissue: insulation
Highly reduced form of carbon (38kj about 2x protein)
No solvation takes up less space
_____\_ cleave ester bonds and release Fatty acids
Lipases cleave ester bonds and release Fatty acids
2 fatty acids + glycerol= ______\_
2 fatty acids + glycerol= diacylglycerol
Diacylglycerol + phosphate = _______
Simplest Glycero-Phospholipid (GPL)
diacylglycerol + phosphate = Phosphotidate
Simplest GlyceroPhospholipid (GPL)
________\_ breakdown GlyceroPhospholipid (Example?)
Phospholipases breakdown GlyceroPhospholipid (ie. Snake venom: Lysolecithin, a breakdown product of this reaction, acts as a biological detergent and dissolves the membranes of red blood cells, causing them to rupture)
GlyceroPhospholipids are _____\_ molecules:
Polar PO4 and alcohol head
Non-polar FA chains
GlyceroPhospholipids are amphiapathic molecules:
Polar PO4 and alcohol head
Non-polar FA chains
Membrane permeability:
Hydrophobic moecules (O2, CO2, N2): ______\_
Ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, H+): _____\_
H2O, glycerol: ______\_
Polar Molecules (Glucose Sucrose): _____\_
Membrane permeability:
Hydrophobic moecules (O2, CO2, N2): High
Ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, H+): Low
H2O, glycerol: Med-High
Polar Molecules (Glucose Sucrose): Low
__________ are particularly abundant in nerve cell membranes
Nerve impulse transmission
Cell-cell recognition
Molecular recognition( glycoprotein hormones and bacterial toxins)
Glycosphingolipids are particularly abundant in nerve cell membranes
Nerve impulse transmission
Cell-cell recognition
Molecular recognition( glycoprotein hormones and bacterial toxins)
________: several fatal neurological disorders arising from genetic defects in glycosphingolipid metabolism
Sphingolipidoses: several fatal neurological disorders arising from genetic defects in glycosphingolipid metabolism
_______\_: simplest form of glycol-sphingolipids
Ceramide: the simplest form of glycol-sphingolipids
Cerebrosides: Ceramide + _____
Cerebrosides: Ceramide + 1 sugar
Globosides: Ceramide+________
Globosides: Ceramide+ 2 or more sugars, not NANA
Gangliosides: Ceramide + _____\_
Gangliosides: Ceramide + 3 or more sugars including NANA
Lipids are predominantly hydrophobic molecules that can be esterified but cannot form _____
Lipids are predominantly hydrophobic molecules that can be esterified but cannot form Polymers
Bilayer fluidity depends on the _____\_and saturation of its lipids and the presence of ____\_
Bilayer fluidity depends on the length and saturation of its lipids and the presence of cholesterol
Glycolipids are abundant membrane lipids in cells of the ____\_
Glycolipids are abundant membrane lipids in cells of the CNS
Cholesterol is an important lipid in regulating membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for ___\_and ___\_
Cholesterol is an important lipid in regulating membrane fluidity is a precursor for hormones and bile salts
