Lecture 11 - “Better You”: Affiliation and Likeability

Question 1

(lecture):

How much time do we spend alone? Describe the Larson et al. (1982)

Answer 1

(lecture):

see slide 3 + 4

Question 2

(lecture):

Some researcher was playing a ball game and didn’t get passed the ball as much as he would like and It made him feel awful. So there is an experiment where there are little cartoons and they start to pass the ball to your character less and less.

Answer 2

(lecture):

see slide 5

Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D.

(2003) . Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social
exclusion. Science, 302, 290-292.
- this study found that when Ppt played cybermall, areas of the brain associated with PAIN lit up when they were socially excluded.

Question 3

(lecture):

Define loneliness.

Answer 3

(lecture):

A subjective discomfort
when social relations lack
some important feature.
Someone in a large crowd
is not alone, but may still
feel lonely.

Emotional loneliness is experienced when we lack an
attachment figure, and social loneliness is experienced
when we lack a sense of social integration (Weiss, 1973).

Loneliness is higher among younger people than among
older people (Perlman, 1990).

Question 4

(lecture):

Define aloneness.

Answer 4

(lecture):

A objective state of being
apart from other people
We’re somewhat more likely
to feel lonely when alone,
but not necessarily so

Question 5

(lecture):

Describe a study that shows when you feel in danger or whatever, you prefer to be around others.

Answer 5

(lecture):

see slide 9-10

most of the time we will go to a room where others are about to share the similar experience with us, ‘social comparison’, rather than a room where there are people just waiting for their lecturer, ‘distraction’.

People most prefer to affiliate with others who have
been through the same situation (Kulik & Mahler,
1989).

The need to affiliate can be divided into different, but
related desires, on which people vary (Hill, 1987).

Question 6

(lecture):

Describe a study that proves people choose to be friends or date people more if they seem more prospective (more likely to see them again in the future).

Answer 6

(lecture):

Berscheid et al. (1976)

• A Dating Game: Participants
watched videotapes of people who were or were not prospective dates.

• Prospective dates were liked more than nonprospective dates.

read slide 16 too

Question 7

(lecture):

read slide 17-19

Answer 7

(lecture):

Question 8

(lecture):

see slide 20-22

Answer 8

(lecture):