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Lifespan development > Lecture #11 > Flashcards

Lecture #11 Flashcards

1
Q

Social convoy

A

The changing system of significant people who serve as sources of social support throughout our lifetime
- the nature of these relationships also changes over the course of the lifespan

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2
Q

Attachment Theory

John Bowlby

A
  • Observed effects of disturbed relationships between children and their caregiver
  • concluded infants who form an attachment to a caregiver are more likely to survive and grow
  • reciprocal
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3
Q

define attachment

A
  • a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion
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4
Q

Ethology

A

Lorenz: imprinting

  • evolutionary theory
  • children show attachment through signalling and approaching behaviours
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5
Q

feeding?

A

Harlow & Zimmerman(1959): monkeys reared from
birth with cloth & wiremesh ‘surrogate mothers’
clung to the cloth substitute, even though the wire
surrogate held the bottle
 contact comfort
–> rather than the satiation of hunger, it enables mothers &
infants to build close r/ships

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6
Q

Phases of attachment formation

A

Undiscriminating social responsiveness
–> birth to 2/3 months

 Discriminating social responsiveness
–> 2/3 months to 6/7 months

 Active proximity seeking
–> 6/7 months to about 3 years

Goal-corrected partnership
–> 3 years

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7
Q

separation anxiety:

A

a wary or fretful reaction that
infants display when separated from an
attachment figure (peaks between 14 & 18
months)

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8
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

a wary or fretful reaction that
infants display when approached by an
unfamiliar person

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9
Q

secure base:

A

the infant attachment figure as a point of safety that permits exploration

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10
Q

Ainsworth

A

The strange situation

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11
Q

Attachment patterns ***

A

 Secure attachment (55-65%)

  • -> explores when parent present
  • -> ‘balanced reaction’ to caregiver

 Resistant attachment (10%)

  • -> little exploration
  • > not comforted by caregiver

 Avoidant attachment (up to 13%)
–> minimal interest in caregiver

 Disorganised /disoriented attachment (up to
15%)
–> inconsistent & disturbed behaviour

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12
Q

ATTACHMENT & LATER DEVELOPMENT

A

Secure attachment is associated with a
variety of long term benefits
 positive emotional development, capacity to
cope with stress & regulate emotions in
childhood
 e.g., self esteem, social competence, resilience,
self-reliance

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13
Q

RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AT LIFE STAGES

SIMPSON ET AL., 2007

A

secure attachment in infancy–> Good peer relations in childhood–> intimate friendships in adolescence–> emotionally positive romantic relationships in early adulthood

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14
Q

internal working model: ***

A

expectations
derived from early caregiving experiences
concerning the availability of attachment
figures & the self’s interaction with those
figures

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15
Q

parenting style ***

SEE SLIDES

A

authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
neglectful

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16
Q

infant- first peer relations

A

Infants show:

 an interest in other babies
from an early age
 capacity for sharing,
cooperation, sympathy <1 year
 interaction with peers in
earnest about 6 months
 towards the end of 2nd year:
turn taking/reciprocal exchange
17
Q

Childhood- peer acceptance and rejection

A

Sociometric survey
 popular: liked by most & rarely disliked
 rejected: rarely liked & often disliked
 neglected: neither liked nor disliked; isolated
 controversial: liked by many & disliked by many
 average: in the middle on both liked & disliked scales

18
Q

Importance of friendships

A 
foster social competence
• provide emotional security
• a source of intimacy &amp; affection
• provide guidance &amp; assistance
• provide companionship &amp; stimulation
19
Q

Adolescent- balancing autonomy and attachment

A

Autonomy

  • identity
  • secure attachment with parents still important
20
Q

Partner buffering:

A

strategies an individual employs to reduce an
insecurely attached partner to reduce the partner’s distress &
behave more constructively

21
Q

RELATIONSHIPS IN ADULTHOOD & LATER

LIFE

A

 social convoy expands & shrinks
 importance of social support throughout the
lifespan
 quality rather than quantity
 confidant: someone to whom a person feels
especially attached & with whom thoughts &
feelings can be shared

Lifespan development (12 decks)

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