Lecture 11 Flashcards
What is the inverted U dose response curve?
It is the curve that shows that drugs will enhance memory/cause a beneficial response if the dosage is correct and given right after training. However, at high doses it can even impair memory.
What is tine dependence?
The sooner after learning the drug is given, the greater its enhancing effect o memory consolidation.
Do store drugs enhance memory?
Given at a right dose at the right time, perhaps.
Why is memory built in a way that if you inject yourself with acetaminophen memory increases?
This is due to the discovery of endorphins or endogenous morphine receptors the are present within your cells. These play a role in memory of a stress response.
Describe the Paul Gold experiment with epinephrine in rats.
Rats were injected with adrenaline and as a result an increase in memory was seen. Adrenaline was present in memory consolidation in rats. This experiment helped us find out that the purpose of endogenous memory receptors in our brain is to process the stress response when it is important. Thus stress hormone acts on the endogenous morphine receptors.
Epinephrine does not cross the blood brain barrier. So how does it affect memory?
Cutting the vagus nerve blocks the effect of epinephrine on memory. Stimulating the vagus nerve can miic effects of epinephrine on memory.
Where in the brain do stress hormones act to enhance memory consolidation?
the amygdaloid nucleus.
Hormones and amygdala are a team modulating memory.
Amygdala stimualtion disrupted the consolidation process.
How do beta blockers impact memory?
Beta blockers in the amygdala prevent epinephrine enhancement of memory consolidation.
How do noradrenaline blockers impact memory?
Enhancing effect of memory gone with noradrenaline blocker.
Describe what norepeinrphine does vs. propranolol
Norepinephrine enhances memory consolidation vs. propranolol impairs memory consolidation.
What was the main idea discovered from the water maze spatial task?
Stress hormones work together with amygdala by modulating memory.
What did in vivo microdyalysis determine in the amygdala?
It was found that norepinephrine activation in the amygdala influences memory consolidation.
Explain Experiment 1 of the Packard, Cahill, McGaugh study
Train- Inject Amphetamine- 1 day- Test
Cannual in hippocampus, caudate, and amygdala.
Trained in caudate and hippocampus task.
Explain Experiment 2 of Packard, Cahill, McGaugh study
Train-Inject Amphetamine-Inject lidocaine-Test
Injection of amphetamine into amygdala increased memory in hippocampus and caudate.
(double dislocation)
Injection to only amygdala.
Then inject lidocaine to amygdala.
Amygdala when stimulated enhances memory somewhere else.
