Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is Ribot’s Law?
Memories lost are the ones that haven’t been consolidated yet.
How did Theodule Robot come up with Ribot’s Law?
Amnesia from brain injury = temporally graded retrograde amnesia..
(Forgetting stuff immediately before accident).
Describe Mueller and Pilzecker experiment.
1) Used nonsense syllables of Ebbinghaus
2) Used percentage of correct responses as opposed to savings method of Ebbinghaus. Common method of today.
3) Noticed that items learned often keep recurring to subjects for a time after learning: “preservation” (keeping things in their head).
4) Noticed retroactive interference in nonsense syllable learning (the learning of 2nd set of syllables impaired memory for 1st set of syllables.
5) Developed the preservation/consolidation hypothesis.
Consolidation = idea that memory is not fixed/can be disrupted.
Describe insulin shock therapy
Causes seizures by giving high amounts of insulin to help patients with psychosis.
Describe Cerletti and Bini’s work.
Would shock people showing psychosis and found that people would become docile. Amnesia would occur to patients who are shocked = temporally graded retrograde amnesia.
Figured this out after observing animals being shocked in slaughterhouses.
Describe the Duncan 1949 experiment.
1st controlled retrograde amnesia gradient. Animal had to to learn to run away form foot shock. within 20 sec = no running. Within 1 min - not much learning. Within 1 hour - learning/consolidation.
Why does a spinning flashlight look like a circle of light?
Retina can hold onto stuff for half a second.
Describe George Sperling’s Iconic Memory experiment.
Memory is perfect but very short.
1) Flash numbers of various numbers grouped together - subjects might report 4-6 correctly not all 9
2) Flash and then immediately after give the (H,M,L) to signal which to report. = subjects get 2-3 per line. In other words, they formed a perfect memory of the image for about 1/2 a second.
Line to tone
H tone = 7,2,1
M tone = 9,6,3
L tone = 4,8,5
Describe the Hebb synapse
neurons that fire together wire together!
Describe Rafeal Lorentz de No
Anatomist who discovered that neurons in the cortex can be averaged in closed circuits. This is known as recurrent loops.
What was Hebb’s big idea?
Memory could be held in the short term in closed circuits (recurrent loops). and with repeated activations the synapses connecting the neurons in the circuit could get strengthened thereby consolidating memory into a more stable and long term form.
Describe Hebb’s Dual Trace Hypothesis
1st Trace = fragile (short term)
2nd Trace = Consolidated/stronger (long term)
Mcgaugh’s 1st Big Idea
Train - inject drug- delay- test memory.
Train before injecting drug so that there is no doubt about outside factors.
What is the retrograde enhancement gradient?
The longer you wait the worse the enhancement.
What is the inhibitory avoidance test?
Rat placed in alleyway walks into area and is given a shock. test to see if rat goes in next day.
Result: located where learning occurs.
Train - Inject drug (amphetamine)- delay- memory test.
