Lecture 11

Question 1

how many microorganism per gram are culturable in dry soil

Answer 1

10^8

Question 2

Name 3 factors responsible for colonization in soil?

Answer 2

Nutrients availability, pore space, surface properties

Question 3

Pores less than __ um are favorable for bacteria acuity because they are small enough to protect bacteria from Protozoa, but not too large where they will not hold water.

Answer 3

6

Question 4

Average microbe size is __ um
Bacteria are __ um
Protozoa are __ um

Answer 4

6
1
10

Question 5

Microbial biomass in the soil decrease or increase with depth??

Answer 5

Decrease with depth.

Question 6

Why is soil actity greatest in late spring?

Answer 6

This is when temperature and moisture. conditions are optimal for growth.

Question 7

__ _____ or _____ metabolize slowly, using organic matter as substrate

Answer 7

K selected or oligotrophic

Question 8

R-selected (bacteria) or copiotrophos: are adapted to _____ and ______

Answer 8

Intervals or dormancy and rapid growth dependent on substrate a viability

Question 9

______ is an example of pathogen bacteria, that cause gall formation in plants

Answer 9

Agrobacterium

Question 10

Bacteria fall into 4 functional groups? What are they

Answer 10

Decomposers
Mutualists
Pathogens
Chemoautotrophs (lithotripsy)

Question 11

Decomposers consume ____

Chemoautotrophs get there energy from___

Answer 11

Simple carbon components

Chemoautotrophs get their energy from nitrogen, sulfur, iron or hydrogen.

Question 12

Actinomycetes are _____ but were missclassified as ____ due to their structure.

Answer 12

Gram positive bacteria.

Misclassified as fungi.

Question 13

Actinomycetes can use the following substrates (less degradable)

Answer 13

Chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose.

Question 14

Are fungi aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 14

Aerobic mostly.

Question 15

Yeast, can metabolize anaerobiclly via ______.

Answer 15

Fermentation

Question 16

_____ structure of fungi that are symbiotic with plants

Answer 16

Mycorrhizae

Question 17

Fungi are greatest in _ and _ horizons and decrease with depth.

Answer 17

O and A

Question 18

List the horizon layers of soil.

Answer 18

L

Question 19

Why are fungi imp for soil strucutre

Answer 19

Because they trap soil particles

Question 20

There are 3 groups of fungi.
Decomposers: example:
Mutualists example:
Pathogenic:

Answer 20

Sarprophytic fungi

Ectomycorrrhizea

Verticillium Pythian.

Question 21

White rot fungus, scientific name is P. Chryopsorium.

Answer 21

Degrades variety of fungi

Question 22

Algea, use ___ as a energy source, and _____ as a carbon soruce.

Answer 22

Light, and CO2.

Question 23

Green algae adn diatoms (both are algea) can be found deeper in teh soil as they grow ____ and _____

Answer 23

Heterotrophically and phototrophicaly

Question 24

Algea produce ______ as they metabolize, which helps weather surrounds mineral particles

Answer 24

Carbonic acid

Question 25

4 major groups of algae in the soil

Answer 25

1) green algae
2) Diatoms
3) Yeloow green algea
4) Red algea.

Question 26

Cyanobacteria are _____ but were classified as ______

Answer 26

Photosynthetic Bacteria, blue green algae

Do not have nucleus

Question 27

Do prokaryoties (Cyanobacteria) have chloroplasts?

Answer 27

No, they have outer folds that are imp in photosynthesis