Lecture 11 Flashcards
how many microorganism per gram are culturable in dry soil
10^8
Name 3 factors responsible for colonization in soil?
Nutrients availability, pore space, surface properties
Pores less than __ um are favorable for bacteria acuity because they are small enough to protect bacteria from Protozoa, but not too large where they will not hold water.
6
Average microbe size is __ um
Bacteria are __ um
Protozoa are __ um
6
1
10
Microbial biomass in the soil decrease or increase with depth??
Decrease with depth.
Why is soil actity greatest in late spring?
This is when temperature and moisture. conditions are optimal for growth.
__ _____ or _____ metabolize slowly, using organic matter as substrate
K selected or oligotrophic
R-selected (bacteria) or copiotrophos: are adapted to _____ and ______
Intervals or dormancy and rapid growth dependent on substrate a viability
______ is an example of pathogen bacteria, that cause gall formation in plants
Agrobacterium
Bacteria fall into 4 functional groups? What are they
Decomposers
Mutualists
Pathogens
Chemoautotrophs (lithotripsy)
Decomposers consume ____
Chemoautotrophs get there energy from___
Simple carbon components
Chemoautotrophs get their energy from nitrogen, sulfur, iron or hydrogen.
Actinomycetes are _____ but were missclassified as ____ due to their structure.
Gram positive bacteria.
Misclassified as fungi.
Actinomycetes can use the following substrates (less degradable)
Chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose.
Are fungi aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic mostly.
Yeast, can metabolize anaerobiclly via ______.
Fermentation
_____ structure of fungi that are symbiotic with plants
Mycorrhizae
Fungi are greatest in _ and _ horizons and decrease with depth.
O and A
List the horizon layers of soil.
L
Why are fungi imp for soil strucutre
Because they trap soil particles
There are 3 groups of fungi.
Decomposers: example:
Mutualists example:
Pathogenic:
Sarprophytic fungi
Ectomycorrrhizea
Verticillium Pythian.
White rot fungus, scientific name is P. Chryopsorium.
Degrades variety of fungi
Algea, use ___ as a energy source, and _____ as a carbon soruce.
Light, and CO2.
Green algae adn diatoms (both are algea) can be found deeper in teh soil as they grow ____ and _____
Heterotrophically and phototrophicaly
Algea produce ______ as they metabolize, which helps weather surrounds mineral particles
Carbonic acid
4 major groups of algae in the soil
1) green algae
2) Diatoms
3) Yeloow green algea
4) Red algea.
Cyanobacteria are _____ but were classified as ______
Photosynthetic Bacteria, blue green algae
Do not have nucleus
Do prokaryoties (Cyanobacteria) have chloroplasts?
No, they have outer folds that are imp in photosynthesis
