Class 24

Question 1

Thermos Maximus is a ______ chemoorganotroph, with an optional temp of ___ C, and are found near the ocean floor.

Answer 1

Aerobic chemoorganotroph. 70

Question 2

What are some molecular adaptations of hyperthermophiles?

Answer 2

Monomers
AA are highly non-polar, (so proteins stick together).
Use of more heat stable proteins.
Use of non-heme iron proteins

Proteins: hydrophobic cores, + and - charged AA that will form ionic bridges.
Increased ionic interaction on protein surfaces.

Chaperones: refold partially denatured proteins

Question 3

______ is a major chaperone protein complex in Pyrodictium, a hyperthrmophilic Arachne

Answer 3

Thermosome, major chaperoning protein complex.

Question 4

Archae tend to have specialized lipids, consists of _________ with repeat units of _______ side chains

Answer 4

Long C-40 carbon chains, with isoprene side chains. (Most other will ahve a ester linkage)

Question 5

Archae also have a mono-layer of lipids called _____. This prevents____

Answer 5

Tetrather type lipids, prevents lipids from peeling apart.

Question 6

Ester linkage, monolayer, saturated fatty acid, repeated isoprene units with long Carbon chains are all due to ________

Answer 6

Archae

Question 7

In order to stabilize DNA at high temperatures, _____ ____ ____ induces postives super coils.
This is only found in _________

Answer 7

Reverese DNA gyrsae,

Question 8

Reverse DNA gyrase is made of up there 2 enzymes _____ and ______

Answer 8

Helicase and toposiomerase. Reverse gyrase helps denature of double helix at high temp.

Question 9

Name the various ways DNA stability is maintained at higher temperatures?

Answer 9

Reverse DNA gyrase, Higher intracellular levels of polyamines (stabilize DNA and RNA), DNA binding proteins (histone), high conc of magnesium, (present ins the phosphate bonds in DNA, stabilize the DNA)

Question 10

Why is sea water from hydrothermal vents high in minerals?

Answer 10

It picks these minerals up form the oceans crust.

Question 11

Gutless worms live next to hydrothermal cents.

_______ from the chimney of hydrohtermoal vents allow for _______ of _____ ____

Answer 11

Hydrogen sulfide, fixation of carbon dioxide.

Question 12

_______ are sulphuric oxidizing bacteria near hydrothermal vents, and use sulfur as an energy source.

Answer 12

Thiobacillus

Question 13

_____ are gutless worms, where thiobacillus bacteria a will live.
Thiobacillus are _____, and they rely on worms to secrete hemoglobin like molecule.

Answer 13

Riftia
Anaerobic .
(Hemoglobin like molecule binds oxygen, CO2, and H2s