Lecture 10–Network perspective: decentralized energy system Flashcards
WHat were the dillemas with energy infrastructure planning?
› National Grid (electricity) sponsored by British Gas
forms of energy
› Control is in a secret place ( availability of sophisticated data
› Control of generation, demand, and transfer ( amount, place
› 400 kV (blue), 275 kV (red), voltages ( quality of energy
› Gas, Nuclear, Wind, Water ( sources
› Base load versus peak, and peak of peaks ( timing
› Demand patterns: daily, weekly, seasonally ( time
› Reducing carbon based generator systems:
“yes, but in a cost order”
What does the first law of thermodynamics say?
you can’t get energy for nothing: you can only convert energy from one form to another. Law of energy conservation.
What are the most important aspects from Song et al., 2022?
Low carbon transition of energy systems is urgent
non fossil energy is growing at an insane level
energy supply and demand call for efforts
forward looking planning is needed, since contruction takes years and large investments while time, money and space are limited
without infrastructure, low carbon transititon would be impossible.
Studies do not provide executable infrastructure plans to support blueprints
Fast growing energy demand and urgent carbon reduction
Reshaping energy supply systems is important
Explain the CRESOM models and its components.
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Eight final energy demand sectors: agriculture, industry, construction,
transportation, retail, others, city residents, rural residents
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Six energy carriers: coal, natural gas, product oil, power, heat, hydrogen
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Seven forms of primary energy: coal, natural gas, crude oil, hydro (power),
wind, solar, nuclear
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A supply chain of three steps with nine variables: (1) domestic production or
import ; (2) road, train, ship, pipeline, and grid ; (3) storage or direct use
Name the trias energetica.
1 Limit demand for energy
through rational use of energy
2 Use renewables to fulfill remaining demand
3 Use fossil fuels , if necessary , as efficiently and cleanly as possible
What is Ferrys idea with the integrated design principle?
That you utilize exergy to its fullest potential. Industry needs the most energy, after that green houses, then services offices and then residential areas. Applying the correct supply of energy to the correct demand. Gas produces very much heat/energy, but does not have to be used for heating up homes or cooking. It can be used for way more important things.
What is the essence of the swimming pool and ice rink example?
The ice ring needs cooling. With the demand for cooling/by cooling you get heat available. You make something else cooler when you heat something. Swimming pool could use the residual heat to partly fuel its demand for heat. In this case the overall demand for energy would be reduced.
What are bottlenecks with the ice rink and swimming pool example though?
Ice rinks and swimming pools are not in each others’ proximity. Infrastructure is needed to connect them.
Local collaboration and partnership : “The lesson of Kalundborg are not
found in mapping its pipes, but in the unfolding of existing relationships.
What makes Kalundborg a model is that its participants allowed and
continued to encourage interaction ; not that it had a particularly spectacular
technical breakthrough.”
Government policy intervention : “The role of government in supporting
symbiosis is two fold: (1) nationally to provide legal and financial support;
(2) locally to coordinate or promote symbiosis…”
What is the essence of the REAP?
It is a planning model
to capitalise on the benefits of urban density and geographic proximity to
design more resource efficient/mixed cities.” (p. 598)
What did the study of Song et al. (2022) show? Name the most important conclusions.
That China needs a larger deployment of low carbon electricity, higher electrification rate and more carbon dequestration amount.
Furthermore, this study demonstrates existing common features among China’s energy systems at the point of net-zero emission generated from different models and scenarios.
technology innovation and diffusion require sociotechnical transformation involving the interlinked mix of technologies, infrastructures, behaviours, institutions and markets
