Lecture 10 Lipid Basics COPY Flashcards

1
Q

phospholipid, ____, and _____ make up the surface of a lipoprotein

A

free cholesterol, proteins

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2
Q

lipoprotein core is made of ____ and _____

A

cholesterol esters and triglycerides

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3
Q

____ releases free fatty acids from lipoproteins and chylomicrons

A

lipoprotein lipase

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4
Q

lipoproteins:

____ is secreted by the liver and delivers TGs to peripheral tissue.

A

VLDL;

TG depleted source = IDL

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5
Q

lipoproteins:
____ is secreted by the liver and intestine and transports cholesterol from the periphery to the liver. this process is called ____

A

HDL, reverse cholesterol transport

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6
Q

lipoproteins:

____ deliver dietary TG’s to the peripheral tissues and liver. it is secreted by ____ cells

A

chylomicrons;

intestinal epithelial

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7
Q

lipoproteins:

LDL delivers ____ to the peripheral tissues and is the main transporter in the blood

A

cholesterol

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8
Q

apoliproteins: A1
produced in liver/intestine
which liporoteins have this? What does it do?

A

HDL, chylomicrons;

mediates reverse cholesterol tranpsort (activates LCAT)

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9
Q

apolipoproteins:
Apo B100 is produced where?
what is it found on ?
what does it do?

A

liver;
VLDL, IDL, LDL;
binds LDL receptor

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10
Q

apolipoproteins:

____ is found only in chylomicrons and is produced in the small intestine. what does it do?

A

ApoB48;

mediates chylomicron secretion

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11
Q

Apolipoproteins:
ApoE is found on what lipoproteins?
What does it do?
Produced in liver and intestine

A

all except LDL;
mediates chylomicron remnant uptake according to FA

his notes say reverse cholesterol transport with HDL

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12
Q

ApoCII is found on what lipoproteins?

What is its function?

A
chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL;
LPL cofactor (ie binds LPL and activates it) according to FA
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13
Q

what lipoprotein is involved in the exogenous pathway of lipid metabolism?

A

chylomicrons

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14
Q

after cleavage by LPL, what are the 3 options for a free fatty acid?

A

deposit in adipose tissue; be used by skeletal or cardiac muscle; return to liver

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15
Q

what enzyme catylyzes esterifcation of cholesterol?

A

LCAT

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16
Q

what does CETP do?

A

mediates transfer of cholesterol esters to other lipoproteins

17
Q

what is the major source of cholesterol in the body?

A

de novo synthesis in the liver

18
Q

rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG CoA reductase

19
Q

what lipoprotein ratio is key to assessing risk of coronary vascular disease? what is the ratio?

A

total cholesterol : HDL cholesterol;

values over 4.5 are concerning

20
Q
cholesterol levels that are considered high:
total = 
LDL =
HDL = 
TG =
A
greater than...
240
160
60
200
21
Q

hyperTGemia (greater than 1000 mg/dL) can cause xanthomas, increased risk of CHD, and _____

A

pancreatitis

22
Q

hyperlipoproteinemia can cause ____, premature CAD, and stroke

A

atherosclerosis

23
Q

what lipoprotein is specifically associated with atherosclerosis? what form is it in?

A

oxidized LDL

24
Q

what receptors do MQs take up LDL with? what are these cells called after taking up LDL?

A

scavenger receptors;

foamy MQs