Lecture 10 Lipid Basics

Question 1

phospholipid, ____, and _____ make up the surface of a lipoprotein

Answer 1

free cholesterol, proteins

Question 2

lipoprotein core is made of ____ and _____

Answer 2

cholesterol esters and triglycerides

Question 3

____ releases free fatty acids from lipoproteins and chylomicrons

Answer 3

lipoprotein lipase

Question 4

lipoproteins:

____ is secreted by the liver and delivers TGs to peripheral tissue.

Answer 4

VLDL;

TG depleted source = IDL

Question 5

lipoproteins:
____ is secreted by the liver and intestine and transports cholesterol from the periphery to the liver. this process is called ____

Answer 5

HDL, reverse cholesterol transport

Question 6

lipoproteins:

____ deliver dietary TG’s to the peripheral tissues and liver. it is secreted by ____ cells

Answer 6

chylomicrons;

intestinal epithelial

Question 7

lipoproteins:

LDL delivers ____ to the peripheral tissues and is the main transporter in the blood

Answer 7

cholesterol

Question 8

apoliproteins: A1
produced in liver/intestine
which liporoteins have this? What does it do?

Answer 8

HDL, chylomicrons;

mediates reverse cholesterol tranpsort (activates LCAT)

Question 9

apolipoproteins:
Apo B100 is produced where?
what is it found on ?
what does it do?

Answer 9

liver;
VLDL, IDL, LDL;
binds LDL receptor

Question 10

apolipoproteins:

____ is found only in chylomicrons and is produced in the small intestine. what does it do?

Answer 10

ApoB48;

mediates chylomicron secretion

Question 11

Apolipoproteins:
ApoE is found on what lipoproteins?
What does it do?
Produced in liver and intestine

Answer 11

all except LDL;
mediates chylomicron remnant uptake according to FA

his notes say reverse cholesterol transport with HDL

Question 12

ApoCII is found on what lipoproteins?

What is its function?

Answer 12

chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL;
LPL cofactor (ie binds LPL and activates it) according to FA

Question 13

what lipoprotein is involved in the exogenous pathway of lipid metabolism?

Answer 13

chylomicrons

Question 14

after cleavage by LPL, what are the 3 options for a free fatty acid?

Answer 14

deposit in adipose tissue; be used by skeletal or cardiac muscle; return to liver

Question 15

what enzyme catylyzes esterifcation of cholesterol?

Answer 15

LCAT

Question 16

what does CETP do?

Answer 16

mediates transfer of cholesterol esters to other lipoproteins

Question 17

what is the major source of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 17

de novo synthesis in the liver

Question 18

rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 18

HMG CoA reductase

Question 19

what lipoprotein ratio is key to assessing risk of coronary vascular disease? what is the ratio?

Answer 19

total cholesterol : HDL cholesterol;

values over 4.5 are concerning

Question 20

cholesterol levels that are considered high:
total = 
LDL =
HDL = 
TG =

Answer 20

greater than...
240
160
60
200

Question 21

hyperTGemia (greater than 1000 mg/dL) can cause xanthomas, increased risk of CHD, and _____

Answer 21

pancreatitis

Question 22

hyperlipoproteinemia can cause ____, premature CAD, and stroke

Answer 22

atherosclerosis

Question 23

what lipoprotein is specifically associated with atherosclerosis? what form is it in?

Answer 23

oxidized LDL

Question 24

what receptors do MQs take up LDL with? what are these cells called after taking up LDL?

Answer 24

scavenger receptors;

foamy MQs