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CMN 152 > LECTURE 10: LANGUAGE > Flashcards

LECTURE 10: LANGUAGE Flashcards

1
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

Language structures/shapes the way we view the world, rather than reflecting our reality

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2
Q

Power of Naming

A
  • The ability to name something that shapes perceptions
  • Subject isn’t changing but the view of the VIEWS of the subject are
  • EX. Undocumented worker vs. Illegal immigrant
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3
Q

Power of Re-Naming

A
  • Renaming an idea to make it seem less rash

- EX. In the even of a water landing vs. In the event of a crash in water

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4
Q

Euphemism

A
  • Inoffensive terms substituted for offensive ones
  • The words we use to describe it is usually the way we view it and how we want others to perceive it
  • EX. Gaming vs. Gambling
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5
Q

Thematic Dimensions

A

The use of language to create a mood or feel to the message

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6
Q

Alliteration

A
  • Repetition of sound

- EX. Silky, smooth, satin cigarettes

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7
Q

Onomatopoeia

A
  • The word is the sound of the action

- EX. Woof, Swish

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8
Q

Parallel structure

A
  • Creating a form of repetition within the message
  • EX. I have a dream… I have a dream… I have a dream..
  • EX. What he wears, they wear
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9
Q

Metaphor

A
  • Comparison of two things without using as or like

- EX. Rising tides of prosperity

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10
Q

Benefit of using Metaphor

A

Creates interest in your message

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11
Q

How/When to use metaphor

A
  • Use a single metaphor –> DONT MIX THEM
  • Use throughout the message
  • Introduce right away at the beginning
  • Works better as an auditory message
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12
Q

Intense Language

A

Specific graphic language

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13
Q

When to use intense language

A
  • When you want to appear more dynamic
  • Audience has low involvement
  • Audience DOESN’T have well-developed attitudes towards the issue
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14
Q

Types of Powerless Speech

A
  • Hesitation Forms
  • Hedges
  • Intensifiers
  • Tag Questions
  • Disclaimers
  • Up-talk
  • Polite Forms
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15
Q

Hesitation forms of Powerless Speech

A
  • Vocalized pauses that suggest uncertainty in the message

- EX. “uh” “well, you know..”

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16
Q

Hedges

A

Ex. Sort of, kinda, I guess

also shows uncertainty

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17
Q

Intensifiers

A

Exaggeration

EX. Really, very, super awesome, etc.

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18
Q

Tag Questions

A

When you make a statement, and then you ask for a second opinion
- EX. “…don’t ya think?” “ “…Isn’t it?”

19
Q

Disclaimers

A

“blank, but…” –> a statement that denies something

“This may sound crazy, but…”

20
Q

Up-Talk

A
  • Every statement becomes a question

- making yourself sound unsure

21
Q

Polite Forms

A
  • Politely asking someone something
  • This is seen as powerless
    “Would you mind…” or “Could I please impose upon you to…”
22
Q

Powerless language (increases/decreases) your persuasiveness

A

DECREASES

23
Q

When females are talking to masculine males, powerless speech can be _______.

A

Persuasive

24
Q

Propaganda Techniques (7)

A
  • Name Calling
  • Glittering Generality
  • Euphemism
  • Transfer
  • Testimonial
  • Plain Folks
  • Fear
25
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Name Calling

A
  • Links a person/idea to a negative symbol

- EX. Terrorist, communist, tree-hugger, liberal, etc.

26
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Glittering Generality

A
  • Virtuous words that we believe in
  • Generally feel passionate about it and want to support –> Positive Connotation
  • EX. Patriotic, parenthood, Civilized, Medicine, etc.
27
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Euphemism

A
  • Words that make an unpleasant reality more tolerable
28
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Transfer

A

Carrying over the prestige and authority of something that we revere and would have to respect
- Associating yourself with images

29
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Testimonial

A
  • Using someone else’s fame/credibility to bring attention to your message
  • EX. Obama getting help from Oprah
30
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Plain Folks

A

To convey that the persuader is just like anyone else

- Celebs dressing down to look like normal everyday people

31
Q

Propaganda Techniques: Fear

A
  • Disaster WILL result if you don’t follow a particular course of action
  • Constructive fear
  • This technique is questionable
32
Q

Nonverbal Persuasion

A
  • Proxemics
  • Vocalics
  • Haptics
  • Gaze
  • Kinesics
33
Q

Proxemics

A

Study of space (close or far)

34
Q

Vocalics

A

Study of voice & how you say things

- tone, expressiveness

35
Q

Haptics

A

Touch

- increases compliance significantly and consistently

36
Q

Gaze

A

Looking at your target

37
Q

_____ gaze produced _____ compliance in all studies

A

Direct

Greater

38
Q

Gaze enhances compliance with ____ requests

A

Legitimate

39
Q

Kinesics

A

Study of body motion and gestures

40
Q

Kinesics includes…

A

Smiling
body language
clothing
etc…

41
Q

Smiling ____ sociability, likability, and attraction

A

Increases

42
Q

____ body language enhances persuasion

A

Mirroring

43
Q

____ body postures are perceived as more persuasive

A

Open

CMN 152 (5 decks)

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